Revived Thoughts Deep Dive: Taiping Rebellion Part 2

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[00:01:30] Keep listening or go back and find part one and make sure you listen to that so you understand a little bit about where we are going.

[00:01:37] Just as kind of a short recap for those who listened to this and haven't – it's been a few weeks, a few months for you.

[00:01:44] We are going through the story of a man who lived in China who got some visions that he was Jesus' brother.

[00:01:51] And after reading a pamphlet, an evangelistic pamphlet, he came to Christ, or at least so he thinks.

[00:01:58] I think there's definitely some questionableness whether he was actually a Christian.

[00:02:03] And slowly he started a movement to rid China of demons and to make the evil race that runs China in his mind, evil in his mind,

[00:02:12] the Qing Empire go down and replace it with his own heavenly kingdom.

[00:02:16] That's what he thinks God has sent him on earth to do.

[00:02:19] And he's been very successful.

[00:02:21] He's managed to conquer the old capital city, not the current capital, which is Beijing,

[00:02:26] but the old capital, which is Nanjing or Nanking, as it's usually referred to.

[00:02:30] He's got two million people under his control.

[00:02:33] He's got multiple armies now.

[00:02:35] He's lost some people along the way.

[00:02:37] But overall, he has done wildly more successful than I think anybody could have thought he would have done.

[00:02:43] And doing it while having these mystical visions and these people come up to him, you know, claiming he claims he's Jesus' brother.

[00:02:51] He has another person that's speaking who claims to be the voice of God himself.

[00:02:55] And anything he says is actually from God.

[00:02:58] And it's quite a wild ride.

[00:03:00] And as I said, he has two million people now under his control.

[00:03:03] They force you every Sunday to go to church.

[00:03:06] It's against the law to skip church.

[00:03:07] Church, you are required to read the Bible in the morning, to pray in the morning every single day.

[00:03:13] And I mean, if you didn't know much about them, this would look like a Christian kingdom.

[00:03:18] And to many people around the world, this was a Christian kingdom.

[00:03:21] Even Karl Marx himself said, hey, this looks like a communist utopia we could get behind.

[00:03:26] There is no private property.

[00:03:28] Everything must be shared.

[00:03:29] It is quite a unique place.

[00:03:31] But when we scratch below the surface, we find that this does not seem to be a Christian kingdom that you and I would recognize.

[00:03:38] Many people are being murdered for not following the Ten Commandments laws that he has decided are killable if you do not follow them.

[00:03:44] They do not put a lot of stock in the New Testament, as we're going to go into in this episode more.

[00:03:49] And the king himself, the heavenly brother, Jesus Christ's brother, Hong Chu Chuen, has now taken up residence in the old palace of Nan King and has now given himself many concubines and extra wives because he believes that's what a king should have after all.

[00:04:06] And that is kind of where we left things off.

[00:04:10] He has taken over a large portion of China, and he is now holding up in the castle with multiple women.

[00:04:16] And we ask the question, you know, is this something he would have done from the beginning or is this something that, you know, he just had the opportunity.

[00:04:24] So he took it.

[00:04:24] The pressure of leading two million people broke down as I don't know.

[00:04:28] There's a lot of questions we can go into.

[00:04:29] There's no real clear answer.

[00:04:31] But that's where he currently is sitting right now is in the old capital of China.

[00:04:35] Millions of people under his control with a with a host of concubines and wives now at his disposal.

[00:04:41] Not just his.

[00:04:42] The voice of God now has multiple wives and and concubines.

[00:04:45] All of the people who he's been leading with are now putting themselves in, you know, palaces and very much the same situation.

[00:04:53] Hong Choo Choo, right?

[00:04:54] That's that's the name of our main guy.

[00:04:56] Yeah.

[00:04:56] Choo Choo.

[00:04:57] And it's kind of I know it's a difficult name.

[00:04:59] I had somebody write in.

[00:05:00] They said, thank you so much for kind of reiterating who each name was, because if you're not familiar with these names, they do definitely sound a little different.

[00:05:07] But our main guy, Hong Choo Choo is the leader of this movement.

[00:05:11] He is the quote unquote guy.

[00:05:14] And throughout this episode in the last episode, he's the guy we're following.

[00:05:18] There are other characters that play in.

[00:05:20] There are other people who get involved.

[00:05:22] But he's the guy.

[00:05:23] He's the one that has everything kind of surrounding him.

[00:05:26] And remind me again what year we're at right now.

[00:05:30] What are we in history?

[00:05:32] We are right around the year 1855 and 1856.

[00:05:35] He got his first couple visions.

[00:05:37] Well, his first couple visions happened long before he found out, you know, he be quote unquote became a Christian in the late 1840s.

[00:05:44] His first visions happened when he had a mental breakdown because he didn't pass the civil service exams in like the 1830s and 1840s.

[00:05:50] 1840s.

[00:05:51] But his real movement kicked off in 1848, 49, 50.

[00:05:55] And we've been following him.

[00:05:57] And it's taken about five years to cross a very large portion of China.

[00:06:01] I said if you were looking at an American map, you would be starting in the middle of the Gulf of Mexico with a small group of like 100 bandits, basically.

[00:06:08] And you'd be moving across all the way, walking all the way to Washington, D.C., conquering cities as you go.

[00:06:14] And by the end of it, you're now in control of two million people, multiple hundred thousand person armies.

[00:06:20] And you've kind of conquered a streak across those lands.

[00:06:23] And that's a pretty that's a pretty big area.

[00:06:26] And especially in a place like China where, you know, a very even one city can have hundreds of thousands of people in it.

[00:06:32] You're now in control of a lot of people's lives and destinies.

[00:06:36] What's the relationship with the Chinese government at this point?

[00:06:40] Like, what does the Chinese government look like at this point?

[00:06:43] And are they threatened by this?

[00:06:47] Like, are they overrun?

[00:06:48] Are they, you know, equally matched?

[00:06:51] What's the relation between them?

[00:06:53] It's actually kind of the next part we get into is we're going to look at them a little bit more.

[00:06:56] But just as a quick overview, the Qing Empire came into power when the Manchu people, which are kind of from Mongolia,

[00:07:03] took over China in the 1600s.

[00:07:05] They've been running the show for, give or take, almost 400 years.

[00:07:10] But things have really decayed and become corrupt.

[00:07:13] They're not what they once were.

[00:07:15] You know, at the highlight of their power, they were very strong.

[00:07:17] And China was quite a beast.

[00:07:18] Or at least it was pretty good.

[00:07:20] This is not that time.

[00:07:22] They're really an empire in decline.

[00:07:24] And the fact that the Taiping Rebellion can do as much as it's doing is proof of just how much things have kind of fallen apart.

[00:07:30] And if you remember, now, they do not like the Taiping Rebellion.

[00:07:33] They're not friends with the Heavenly Kingdom.

[00:07:35] They see this as, you know, basically Confederates or an insurrection or, you know, whatever you want to call it.

[00:07:39] This is a rebellion, a civil war in their mind.

[00:07:42] And they need to stamp this thing and put it down.

[00:07:44] They've actually sent a couple armies after Xu Chuan.

[00:07:47] But he's managed to defeat each of their armies before they could take him out.

[00:07:51] And the generals are getting either executed or committing suicide for their dishonorable failure to capture this guy.

[00:07:57] So it's a big deal.

[00:07:58] They're not playing around, but he's managed to beat the local armies.

[00:08:02] And now Beijing is going to start sending their top armies after him.

[00:08:07] But there is a problem, and we'll get into that in a minute.

[00:08:09] But there is a problem, and that is that Beijing is not just in this one war with the Taiping.

[00:08:14] They're actually in several wars.

[00:08:16] And one thing we've been talking about, too, is Taiping Rebellion is not the only rebellion happening during this time.

[00:08:22] If you remember in the first episode, we also mentioned that the Taiping people have been pushing back against the Buddhists, the Confucian temples, destroying their temples, destroying their demons.

[00:08:31] But they're going out of their way not to touch the mosques because they're hoping that the Muslims will also rebel.

[00:08:37] And that will make it harder for the Qing Empire to conquer them.

[00:08:40] And their dream actually comes true.

[00:08:42] We're going to read about, talk about here in a minute.

[00:08:44] I'm reading some of my notes here, but you're going to be listening, how the Muslims actually do go through multiple rebellions.

[00:08:52] And so the Qing Empire is just fighting a war on every front.

[00:08:56] And on the one hand, this is overwhelming, and I feel a little bad for them because who could take on all this stuff that's going to happen?

[00:09:02] On the other side, you did it to yourselves by not taking care of your people and by just running a really corrupt, out-of-date system that was really helpful to the people in charge,

[00:09:12] but terrible pretty much for everyone else.

[00:09:15] All right.

[00:09:16] Well, let's hear it.

[00:09:17] What's happening next?

[00:09:18] All right.

[00:09:19] So the first thing we're going to find out is the Taiping army has now taken this place called Nanking over,

[00:09:26] and they are now sending an army up north.

[00:09:29] They decide kind of to start splitting.

[00:09:31] Let me interrupt you.

[00:09:32] Go ahead.

[00:09:32] Let me interrupt you again.

[00:09:34] Can you just reiterate, again, I know this guy's name is Hong Chuchu.

[00:09:39] Yeah.

[00:09:39] I know you explained it on the last episode.

[00:09:42] Can you explain why they're called Taiping again?

[00:09:46] Ah.

[00:09:46] Taiping just means heavenly kingdom.

[00:09:48] And so they believe they're bringing the Bible's heavenly kingdom from God to China.

[00:09:54] They believe that their goal is to Christianize China,

[00:09:56] that in his vision, he believed he saw that China was being run by demons.

[00:10:02] And so their job is to kill the demons, destroy the idols, wipe out the Buddhists, the Confucianists, the Taoists,

[00:10:08] everyone there that's not a Christian, basically.

[00:10:10] Destroy their temples, force them to live in a Christian government, and create a heavenly kingdom.

[00:10:15] And you don't get a choice.

[00:10:17] Like, there's a sword to your head.

[00:10:19] You do it or you don't.

[00:10:20] But they've been successful so far.

[00:10:21] And they've really attracted a lot of people to their movement.

[00:10:24] Not so much because China's full of Christians, but because a lot of people hate the Qing Empire.

[00:10:29] And they see this as an opportunity to get at them.

[00:10:32] They also see these guys whenever, if you remember, I told you, every time they took over a town,

[00:10:36] they would take the wealthy people's stuff and just give it to everybody.

[00:10:38] So you have, you know, peasant guards and farmers wearing, like, silk dresses and beautiful crowns and stuff that they sold

[00:10:46] because the Taiping believed that, you know, we're supposed to share everything like it says in Acts 2 and Acts 4.

[00:10:51] And so they're doing that.

[00:10:52] Well, if you see a group of people attacking the government you hate and giving all the money away,

[00:10:57] that's really popular, even if you're maybe not, you know, you don't care as much about the Bible stuff,

[00:11:01] but you're liking what you're seeing.

[00:11:03] And so the Taiping just means heavenly kingdom in their language.

[00:11:07] Yeah, sorry to interrupt.

[00:11:09] I just needed to get that on my bearings.

[00:11:11] No worries.

[00:11:11] No, it's a good question.

[00:11:13] All right.

[00:11:13] Around this time, they're in Nanking.

[00:11:16] Two rather strong armies led by two different groups are going to show up in Beijing.

[00:11:21] They're going to attack this group of people, the heavenly kingdom, from two different directions.

[00:11:25] They're not strong enough to stop the Taiping rebellion,

[00:11:29] but they are strong enough to basically block the direct road they've been marching.

[00:11:33] They've been marching all the way to Nanking

[00:11:35] and just kind of going as they please, doing what they want.

[00:11:38] But now the road is blocked by these armies.

[00:11:40] So instead of doing that, they decide we're going to have to send one army ahead by itself.

[00:11:45] And this is a big mistake, but they don't know it yet.

[00:11:48] One thing they have an advantage of over, though,

[00:11:50] is they have something the Qing Empire currently doesn't have, and that is a navy.

[00:11:55] Now, you would think the Qing Empire should have a navy, and they do.

[00:12:00] We'll talk about what happens to their navy here in a minute.

[00:12:02] But they don't have a navy when these two armies show up.

[00:12:05] So the Taiping army loads up 200 vessels and sends a navy ahead of them.

[00:12:10] And to me, this is just wild.

[00:12:11] It's basically like I'm trying to picture it in today's terms.

[00:12:16] Imagine Kansas, Nebraska, and Missouri rebel against the United States federal America,

[00:12:21] and one guy is able to lead an army and take over those three states.

[00:12:24] And when the United States government comes to attack them, imagine Kansas, Nebraska,

[00:12:29] and Missouri has an air force, and the United States government doesn't.

[00:12:33] Like, that's what we're dealing with here.

[00:12:35] Somehow the Qing Empire is so just broken during this time that they don't have one of the basic

[00:12:40] tools of fighting a war, which is a navy.

[00:12:43] But this guy, the Taiping guy, Hong Xiu Chuan, does.

[00:12:47] And so this boat just go right around these two armies,

[00:12:50] and they drop an army off right over on the other side of them.

[00:12:55] And it's just to me, that is just a fascinating thing.

[00:12:58] Like, how do you get so bad at fighting war?

[00:13:00] How do you get so broken as a country that your rebels have a navy and you do not?

[00:13:05] They send 70,000 other veterans up ahead of them using the boats,

[00:13:09] and they're going to have them march on Beijing.

[00:13:11] Their idea is basically, if we can take the capital, if we can take Beijing,

[00:13:15] this war is over.

[00:13:16] We've got this.

[00:13:17] They can't fight us once they lose this.

[00:13:19] And up until now, every time you would see a pattern where they would attack a city,

[00:13:23] they siege it, they would take it over.

[00:13:25] People would rally to their cause, and their army would get bigger,

[00:13:29] and then they'd move on to the next city.

[00:13:30] And this just kept happening, right?

[00:13:33] Not anymore.

[00:13:34] In the north, unlike the south of China, the people are different.

[00:13:38] They're ethnically a different group of people altogether.

[00:13:42] Geographically, just everything's different.

[00:13:44] In south China, it's hot.

[00:13:46] It's sweaty.

[00:13:47] It's a rainy season.

[00:13:48] They eat different foods.

[00:13:50] They speak a different dialect of Chinese.

[00:13:53] Everything is different in this top side of China,

[00:13:55] and they're not at all getting the people and the hearts of the people on their side anymore.

[00:14:02] Instead of looking like the super cool Christian kingdom where everyone's fighting back,

[00:14:05] this looks like an army of invaders,

[00:14:08] a group of people from a different part of China trying to take over and undo their way of life.

[00:14:14] And on top of that, the southern Chinese army is not used to winter.

[00:14:18] They haven't really had to deal with snow.

[00:14:21] They haven't really had to deal with harsh blizzards and icy frost and stuff like that.

[00:14:26] They're completely unprepared for what it's like to fight in northern China.

[00:14:31] I mean, northern China, I used to live in northern China.

[00:14:34] It's parallel in parts to Russia.

[00:14:37] And so imagine, you know, the age old story of trying to invade Russia in winter and how that goes for countries that have tried to do that.

[00:14:45] Well, that's what northern China is.

[00:14:46] It's basically the same temperatures parts of Russia, and it goes about the same way.

[00:14:51] If you are used to the hot southern part of China, if you're used to Miami, Florida, and you try to invade Alaska, how's that going to go for you?

[00:14:59] That's maybe an extreme, but you're getting the idea of what they're up against.

[00:15:03] Just on top of that, too, northern China has been in more wars and stuff for a long time.

[00:15:08] They have built thicker walls.

[00:15:10] The Great Wall of China is in northern China.

[00:15:12] They have more fortified cities, and so they're not taking cities with nearly as much speed as they were in southern China.

[00:15:21] Things are not going well for this group of soldiers that they send up.

[00:15:26] It's basically a death march.

[00:15:27] They do really poorly up there.

[00:15:29] However, oh, and one more thing, too.

[00:15:32] They've actually been dealing with their own revolutionary force that has already been fighting against the Qing Empire called the Neon Empire Revolution.

[00:15:39] We've talked about them in the first episode.

[00:15:42] These are this group of horseback riders.

[00:15:44] They're very powerful.

[00:15:45] The Taiping wanted to ally with them, but the Neon would never really show up when you needed them,

[00:15:51] and sometimes they would even fight against the Taiping for money.

[00:15:54] You would want them to be on your side, but they weren't.

[00:15:57] They were these horseback riding people.

[00:15:58] But the thing is, if you wanted to rebel against the Qing Empire, you already had a group to do that with.

[00:16:04] With this other group called the Neon, you didn't need the Taiping people.

[00:16:08] And so they weren't answering the need of, do you want to fight back?

[00:16:11] Here we are.

[00:16:11] We've already got our own group.

[00:16:13] We don't need a second group up here.

[00:16:15] They still do really well, though, all things considered.

[00:16:17] They are veterans, and they are pretty powerful.

[00:16:19] They managed to make it within 130 kilometers or 83 miles from Beijing, arriving at the nearby city of Tianjin.

[00:16:27] That is very, very close.

[00:16:29] Again, if they started in the Gulf of Mexico, they walked all the way to Washington, D.C.

[00:16:35] Now they have sailed and then crossed and fought their way up to basically Ottawa, Canada.

[00:16:40] They have made it a really long ways, and they've done very well.

[00:16:43] But once they get to Tianjin, they are sieged in.

[00:16:47] The Qing army is ready and does not give up.

[00:16:50] The people do not join them, and they end up sieged inside of Tianjin and are not able to get out.

[00:16:55] Further, the winter is way tougher.

[00:16:57] They do not get supplies.

[00:16:59] Recruits and new forces and reinforcements don't come.

[00:17:02] The Taiping rebellion is still dealing with those armies blocking the way they haven't crossed through.

[00:17:06] And so they're not able to send them fresh troops, and they're not able to get the help they need.

[00:17:10] If you remember the first episode, we said that Beijing is connected way down to the south by a thing called the Grand Canal.

[00:17:16] It's just as impressive in a lot of ways as the Great Wall of China.

[00:17:20] It took 1,500 years to build, and these boats were able to cross 1,000 kilometers or 1,500 kilometers, whatever it is, a very long ways.

[00:17:28] Well, that canal goes through Tianjin, and the enemy army, the Qing, realized if they basically, you know, in the same way that the Taiping rebellion started controlling that canal and cut off supplies to the people of Beijing,

[00:17:41] well, the people of Beijing realized this army stuck in the city right next to Beijing.

[00:17:45] We can basically use this canal against them, and they basically flood the canal and flood the city.

[00:17:51] Many of the army soldiers of the Taiping drown, and as they're trying to get away from the flood, they completely wipe them out.

[00:17:57] They capture the leader of this army, they execute them, and that's as close as the Taiping rebellion will ever get to the capital of the Qing Empire.

[00:18:05] But 80 miles away is still pretty impressive.

[00:18:08] It took them two years just to deal with that army, and again, it once again shows you just how powerful the Taiping movement was.

[00:18:14] If a couple things had gone differently, maybe they would have succeeded.

[00:18:19] While they were busy doing that, the Taiping still had those other two armies from Beijing going on, so they split their forces as well.

[00:18:26] One would stay inside of Nanjing and hold down the fort, and the other would move around from different provinces.

[00:18:32] It takes this province next to their area, full of supplies and resources.

[00:18:37] They're able to wipe out more imperial armies as they're being sent, and things are looking pretty good.

[00:18:42] Sure, that one army that went north, it didn't go well for them, but if you stayed south, you're doing pretty well,

[00:18:47] and you're staying pretty fortified, all things considered.

[00:18:50] In fact, the Qing actually raised up a navy to try to fight them, but this army was able to defeat that navy,

[00:18:56] and that's why they didn't have a navy was because of this war down south.

[00:19:00] So they did really well.

[00:19:02] However, all of this fighting with Beijing was hurting their numbers and slowly starting to take soldiers away.

[00:19:09] The Heavenly Kingdom isn't quite coming together as smoothly as originally thought,

[00:19:14] but there are two things that are keeping the Heavenly Kingdom from losing completely.

[00:19:18] The Heavenly Kingdom, on paper, the Qing Empire should be able to completely wipe them out.

[00:19:22] They have numbers and resources on their side, but there are two big things that keep it from happening.

[00:19:27] The first is they have these other rebellions.

[00:19:29] As I mentioned earlier, the Muslims have now begun rebelling against the Qing too.

[00:19:34] There are two really large rebellions and a bunch of other ones too.

[00:19:37] If you remember in the first episode, I mean, it was rebellion after rebellion I kept talking about,

[00:19:41] but the two big ones here are the Ponte Rebellion, which goes on from 1856 to 1873.

[00:19:46] This rebellion is, you've never heard of it probably, but it cost the lives of 2 million people during this time of unrest.

[00:19:53] And it also caused the basically millions of people around China to have to move their homes.

[00:19:58] It was started when a Chinese official was a young man.

[00:20:01] He was surrounded by a mob of Muslims.

[00:20:04] He was beaten by this mob and stripped naked.

[00:20:06] For some offense, it really hurt him.

[00:20:10] When he got older and controlled, he then began to pursue anti-Muslim policies that led to a revolt.

[00:20:15] And that revolt went on for two decades.

[00:20:17] He basically used the levers of power to get his revenge.

[00:20:20] That led to a revolt.

[00:20:22] And there was British officers who said this really wasn't a religious war.

[00:20:26] It was more of a cultural war.

[00:20:27] But either way, that's one big revolt that's going on in South China at this time.

[00:20:32] Another one is called the Dungan Revolt.

[00:20:35] And this one is even bigger.

[00:20:36] And it's even more confusing.

[00:20:38] Because there's actually an exactly same named revolt that happens in the late 1890s in the exact same areas.

[00:20:44] But there are two different revolts, two different Dungan revolts.

[00:20:47] And this one is basically Muslims everywhere hitting back against the Qing.

[00:20:51] It's a little bit separated from the other one due to regions and groups of people.

[00:20:55] But it's still happening at the same time as the other one.

[00:20:57] It lasts for 15 years.

[00:20:59] And when it's over between famines, disease, migrations, and deaths,

[00:21:04] 21 million people have left the region where it started.

[00:21:06] It doesn't mean 21 million people died.

[00:21:08] But it just means that that area is going to have 21 million people less living in it

[00:21:12] due to people fleeing, moving, and death, and disease, and all of that stuff going on.

[00:21:17] We won't go into all the details of this revolt because, let me tell you,

[00:21:20] when I was researching it, it's long, it's complicated.

[00:21:22] And I don't even know if I fully understand what happens in that revolt.

[00:21:26] But you've got all that going on on the one side.

[00:21:28] So you've got the Taiping.

[00:21:29] You've got these Muslim revolts.

[00:21:30] You've got just all of this chaos happening on one side.

[00:21:33] And then you have something else that's happening that's a really big deal on the outside.

[00:21:37] And that is that at the time in Hong Kong, there was a rule that British ships could sail

[00:21:44] under the British flag.

[00:21:45] And they were not allowed to have any problems with the Chinese people.

[00:21:48] After the first opium war, that was the rules Britain set for China.

[00:21:52] You can't bother British ships.

[00:21:54] Well, a lot of Chinese captains would basically just hire a British captain to be over their ship.

[00:21:59] He would never have to even step foot on that ship, but it would allow them to sail with a British flag no matter what.

[00:22:05] And so a lot of British people would just sit on port.

[00:22:07] They would have a good time.

[00:22:08] They'd make money.

[00:22:09] And they'd have multiple ships under their names that they've never even seen before.

[00:22:12] But they were technically on paper the captains of these different ships.

[00:22:16] Well, one of these ships landed in Guangzhou.

[00:22:20] And it was called the Arrow.

[00:22:22] It had been registered by a British captain.

[00:22:24] But actually, the registration on it had long expired.

[00:22:27] And even before it was registered, the Arrow was known as a pirate ship.

[00:22:32] It was not a friendly ship at all.

[00:22:33] They had just registered themselves under a British name at one point.

[00:22:37] And the captain told this story about how his crew was arrested and the British flag was ripped off and stepped all over.

[00:22:42] But this was most likely a completely false story.

[00:22:45] And the ship would have never had that happen.

[00:22:48] It's definitely a tall tale.

[00:22:50] However, this ship was arrested.

[00:22:53] Twelve of the men were running the ship at the time.

[00:22:56] Nine of them were released.

[00:22:57] But three of them were kept because they were sailing an expired tagged ship.

[00:23:01] It sounds like something in the DMV would get you on.

[00:23:03] But also because they were recognized as wanted pirates.

[00:23:07] And they said, no, no, we know these guys are wanted pirates.

[00:23:10] We had them on earlier pirate charges.

[00:23:13] So we're going to arrest them.

[00:23:15] That seems perfectly reasonable to me.

[00:23:18] But Britain did not think so.

[00:23:20] And they used it as leverage to open the Second Opium War.

[00:23:24] Now, if you read this story and you go, well, Britain did not do this because they really were worried about this one pirate ship.

[00:23:31] I'm telling you, this is one of those situations where Britain was looking for an excuse to get into China.

[00:23:37] And they used this, you know, quote unquote, public international crisis to start the Second Opium War.

[00:23:44] The First Opium War went really well for Britain, but they saw that they could get more.

[00:23:48] The First War gave them trading deals, markets, and access to China.

[00:23:52] They figured a swift Second War would do the same thing.

[00:23:55] And in reality, it kind of does.

[00:23:57] This war goes very brutally for China.

[00:23:59] China is already overwhelmed with all these brutal rebellions.

[00:24:03] If you remember the first episode, we talked about all the different bandits.

[00:24:07] Guangzhou is, during this war, completely burned to the ground at one point by the British.

[00:24:11] This is a terrible war for them.

[00:24:13] And one of the things that makes it so rough is it keeps getting worse.

[00:24:16] Britain jumps in on the war first.

[00:24:18] They declare the war because of this whole pirate ship problem.

[00:24:20] But then the French say, hey, wait a second.

[00:24:22] We also went out into this war because we want better trading deals.

[00:24:25] We want more ports.

[00:24:26] We want a chance.

[00:24:27] They say that one of their missionaries was executed for sharing the faith.

[00:24:31] And so then they use that as their excuse to jump in the war.

[00:24:33] Well, when America hears about that, they go, well, we also want some of the war.

[00:24:37] America kind of claims to be neutral, but they take a few forts and they throw supplies to the British.

[00:24:42] The Russia then also jumps in and goes, we want the war as well.

[00:24:45] Russia will do nothing in this war.

[00:24:47] Will not help anybody at all, but we'll take part of Mongolia when the war is all said and done.

[00:24:53] And this is not a good time for the Qing Empire.

[00:24:56] So part of the reason the Qing Empire is not able to deal with all these problems and not able to deal with the typing

[00:25:00] is because they're fighting a war against, you know, four of the most powerful countries in the world at that time.

[00:25:05] Russia, Britain, America, and France.

[00:25:08] The British launched two major attacks into China.

[00:25:10] The one that went into Guangzhou that burnt one of their major capitals.

[00:25:13] I mean, this is a big city.

[00:25:14] Think Miami or Dallas.

[00:25:16] This is a huge area that's absolutely just laid waste.

[00:25:19] The other army will arrive in a place called Dalian, which is just a little bit south of Beijing.

[00:25:23] They'll march up through Tianjin, which they will capture one year after the Taiping army had been there.

[00:25:30] You got to kind of wonder if the Taiping army hadn't been flooded out and had been there when the British showed up.

[00:25:34] Would the British have allied with them?

[00:25:36] What would have happened?

[00:25:37] Well, we'll never know.

[00:25:38] And then they marched their way into Beijing.

[00:25:40] Now, in response to hearing the British are basically destroying them,

[00:25:43] the Chinese start to arrest and kill the foreigners within China.

[00:25:47] And it's very awful.

[00:25:48] Here's a quote from some of the people living in Beijing at the time.

[00:25:51] They say the prisoners had been tortured.

[00:25:54] They had their limbs bound with ropes.

[00:25:55] Their flesh was lacerated.

[00:25:57] They became infected with maggots.

[00:25:58] They had dung and dirt forced into their throats.

[00:26:01] Several were executed by beheading.

[00:26:02] Their corpses were fed to animals, captured people who had worked with them,

[00:26:07] who'd worked for the allies, were buried up to their necks and left to be fed to dogs.

[00:26:11] Now, is that just propaganda to rally the moral citizens against the war?

[00:26:16] Or did that really happen?

[00:26:17] It seems that it probably did.

[00:26:18] And this torture really upset the British army.

[00:26:21] They wanted to get revenge.

[00:26:23] Now, they didn't want to really hurt the Chinese people,

[00:26:26] but they really wanted to hurt the emperor of China himself

[00:26:29] because they saw this as his fault, basically.

[00:26:31] They considered a couple different options.

[00:26:33] We could burn down the forbidden city,

[00:26:35] or we could destroy his summer palace.

[00:26:39] And they decided the summer palace hurts the emperor more,

[00:26:41] and the forbidden city is an old cultural relic.

[00:26:44] So they burnt down the summer palace of the emperor.

[00:26:47] The emperor, he escapes out of Beijing.

[00:26:50] He runs away.

[00:26:51] And to be fair, the French saw them doing it,

[00:26:53] and they actually said, we refuse to participate.

[00:26:55] This is a beautiful old palace.

[00:26:56] It's not the Chinese people's fault.

[00:26:58] It took two full days of looting and fires before it was completely burnt down.

[00:27:03] The Europeans should not have been able to win this battle.

[00:27:05] They were outnumbered 10 to 1,

[00:27:06] but they absolutely demolished the Qing empire.

[00:27:09] The emperor himself, while he's running away, will die.

[00:27:11] It's unclear specifically what kills him,

[00:27:14] but he had lived a happy life of indulgence and parties and concubines

[00:27:18] while his country was under nonstop chaos.

[00:27:20] So I'm not really shedding any tears that he died.

[00:27:23] His palace is destroyed.

[00:27:24] His country is taken basically for hostage by these foreign empires.

[00:27:28] All of the treaties that end up getting signed will give them new ports, new lands.

[00:27:33] Russia will just take a large part of Mongolia just because,

[00:27:36] even though they didn't actually do anything in the war hardly.

[00:27:38] Britain will add more land that it can kind of basically oversee.

[00:27:42] And Christians, a positive, are now legally allowed to evangelize

[00:27:46] and own property inside of China.

[00:27:47] That's one positive.

[00:27:48] A giant negative in reverse is opium is now legal.

[00:27:53] You are now forced to sell it.

[00:27:55] And this is going to be devastating for the people.

[00:27:58] And this is a terrible treaty for the Qing.

[00:28:00] But they're completely, I mean, their capital is captured.

[00:28:02] They're completely held hostage.

[00:28:03] What can they do?

[00:28:05] Here's a quote I found on it.

[00:28:07] It says the defeat of the Qing army by a small Anglo-French military force

[00:28:10] numbered at least 10 to 1 by the Qing army,

[00:28:13] coupled with the flight and subsequent death of their emperor.

[00:28:16] And the burning of the summer palace was a shocking blow

[00:28:18] to the once powerful Qing empire.

[00:28:20] Beyond a doubt, by 1860, the ancient civilization that China was

[00:28:24] had been thoroughly defeated and humiliated by the West.

[00:28:28] Further, the Qing now owed Britain and France for payments

[00:28:31] for the money that they lost fighting the war.

[00:28:33] So not only did they now have these terrible treaties

[00:28:35] that were exorbitant and holding them hostage,

[00:28:38] they now had to pay for the war to defend themselves

[00:28:41] from these foreign invaders who now invaded them and controlled them.

[00:28:44] The sentiment in China really was the Qing are ruining our lives

[00:28:48] and we don't like them.

[00:28:50] And the Qing seemed to be tearing China apart with every decision they made.

[00:28:53] They failed to fight the foreign invaders.

[00:28:55] They're failing to deal with any of the rebellions.

[00:28:57] And people began to say, hey, maybe we need to modernize China.

[00:29:00] Maybe it's time to reform it.

[00:29:01] There was this group that showed up during this time

[00:29:03] called the Self-Strengthening Movement,

[00:29:05] trying to reform and change China.

[00:29:07] And this didn't just affect China.

[00:29:09] Japan next door watched what happened.

[00:29:11] They had already been opened up by Commodore Perry,

[00:29:13] who arrived in 1853,

[00:29:15] but they looked at their old enemy China and they went,

[00:29:17] yikes, like that's what the West can do to you when they want to.

[00:29:21] And they began, they jumped on board.

[00:29:22] They said, we need to modernize.

[00:29:24] We need to Westernize or we'll end up in the same situation as the Qing is.

[00:29:28] So going back to the Taiping Rebellion,

[00:29:30] this giant loss would look like a good thing for them, right?

[00:29:33] The Qing Empire is being humiliated.

[00:29:35] This should make the Taiping stronger.

[00:29:36] And at first it did.

[00:29:38] New people came and joined the heavenly kingdom

[00:29:40] because this seemed like the great alternative to the Qing Empire.

[00:29:44] They were being busy, being defeated by the West

[00:29:46] and the Muslim rebellion.

[00:29:47] So they couldn't deal with this Taiping Rebellion.

[00:29:50] But eventually this would hurt the Taiping Rebellion as well.

[00:29:53] And we'll kind of see how that does towards the end.

[00:29:56] Now I said once that they came to Nanjing, Nanjing,

[00:29:59] and things really took a turn.

[00:30:00] And this is true.

[00:30:02] Hong Xiu Chuan began to show signs of maybe mental decline.

[00:30:05] You know, if you remember his story,

[00:30:06] he kept having these visions.

[00:30:07] He had three mental breakdowns,

[00:30:09] but all of his advisors and administrators

[00:30:11] were starting to become concerned.

[00:30:13] Maybe this was happening again.

[00:30:14] He had just basically stopped doing his job as a leader.

[00:30:17] He was the guy who started the movement.

[00:30:19] The entire movement is built on him.

[00:30:21] You know, imagine if Martin Luther

[00:30:22] in the middle of the Protestant Reformation

[00:30:23] just stopped writing books

[00:30:25] and just hung out with a bunch of extra wives

[00:30:28] all day inside a house.

[00:30:29] That would be a pretty big deal, right?

[00:30:30] Well, that's what the leader of the quote-unquote

[00:30:32] holy quote-unquote heavenly kingdom

[00:30:35] is now suddenly doing.

[00:30:36] And millions of people have put their life on this guy.

[00:30:39] Now it could be that he was struggling

[00:30:41] with the stress of the movement.

[00:30:42] You know, I'll give you credit.

[00:30:43] If you were running a two million man empire

[00:30:46] against a giant old empire,

[00:30:48] you might be stressed out.

[00:30:49] And he's already had multiple mental breakdowns.

[00:30:52] Maybe all these people shouldn't have put their trust

[00:30:53] in him in the first place.

[00:30:54] Whatever the case is though,

[00:30:56] he completely is retreating

[00:30:57] and things are beginning to fall apart.

[00:30:59] But there are other people around him.

[00:31:02] And one of these people that he gave the title,

[00:31:05] the East King, who also calls himself

[00:31:07] the voice of God, is sitting there.

[00:31:10] And he is a very good leader.

[00:31:12] He actually has real leadership skills.

[00:31:14] He has administrative skills.

[00:31:16] He's excellent.

[00:31:18] He's very good at military strategy.

[00:31:20] He knows what he's doing.

[00:31:21] And Shu Chuan, our main guy is annoyed by him

[00:31:24] because the voice of God would often get a vision

[00:31:26] and speak to him.

[00:31:28] And what could Shu Chuan say?

[00:31:30] This guy is quote-unquote the voice of God after all.

[00:31:33] He'd even give orders to Hong Shu Chuan

[00:31:35] and say, hey, I got a vision from God.

[00:31:37] He says, you have to do this.

[00:31:38] And what can you do?

[00:31:40] You've already told everyone he's the voice of God.

[00:31:42] And if you disagree with him

[00:31:43] and you start to question where his authority lies,

[00:31:46] well, that basically begins to question

[00:31:49] the whole thing, doesn't it?

[00:31:50] If you're the heavenly king, you find this annoying.

[00:31:52] And Hong did.

[00:31:53] But he was willing to put up for it for a time

[00:31:55] when things were going well.

[00:31:56] But the army is beginning to become divided.

[00:32:00] They sent armies up north.

[00:32:01] Things are not going well.

[00:32:02] They have these two armies sitting outside them.

[00:32:05] And eventually, after a three-year siege in 1856,

[00:32:09] those two armies are destroyed.

[00:32:11] Now, the voice of God, his name is Yang Shu Qing,

[00:32:14] very similar to our other guy.

[00:32:16] Yang Shu Qing, not to be confused with Hong Shu Chuan,

[00:32:19] had a large network of spies.

[00:32:21] If you've ever heard of the TV show Game of Thrones,

[00:32:24] which is a worldly show, don't watch it, right?

[00:32:27] But there's a guy in that show called Little Finger

[00:32:29] who has spies everywhere,

[00:32:30] who constantly keeps him informed.

[00:32:33] That's the kind of guy this guy seems to be.

[00:32:34] A worm tongue from Lord of the Rings,

[00:32:36] always gets little messages.

[00:32:37] That's the kind of guy we're dealing with here.

[00:32:40] He always knows what's going on.

[00:32:42] And Shu Chuan now had given everyone these new titles,

[00:32:46] and he gives this title to this man.

[00:32:49] Now, he's already got the title Voice of God.

[00:32:52] He's already got the title East King.

[00:32:54] But as they've officially defeated those Beijing armies,

[00:32:57] they won the siege.

[00:32:58] He gives his royal advisors new titles.

[00:33:01] And his title for himself is this title,

[00:33:05] quote, long live 10,000 years.

[00:33:07] That's a normal title.

[00:33:08] My name is long live 10,000 years.

[00:33:10] And then he names his sons long live 1,000 years.

[00:33:15] That over there is long live 1,000 years.

[00:33:17] And he gives the four kings long live 9,000 years.

[00:33:21] That's your title.

[00:33:22] When he saw them on the street,

[00:33:23] you could call him the East King.

[00:33:24] You could call him the voice of God.

[00:33:26] But what you were supposed to say was,

[00:33:28] hey, there's long live 9,000 years.

[00:33:30] Well, the voice of God summons Hong Shu Chuan

[00:33:33] to his palace, his own palace that he has set up.

[00:33:37] And he says basically, hey, I am the name long live 9,000 years.

[00:33:42] But I've done so much for the kingdom.

[00:33:44] I think God was telling me in a vision

[00:33:46] that I should actually be called long live 10,000 years.

[00:33:50] Don't you think?

[00:33:50] Isn't that what God is saying to you as well?

[00:33:53] And Hong Shu Chuan is kind of like, oh my goodness,

[00:33:55] what do I do?

[00:33:56] How do I deal with this?

[00:33:57] Maybe God is saying, oh, you know what?

[00:33:59] Yeah, I think I got the same vision.

[00:34:01] God is saying that.

[00:34:02] And the guy's like, I thought so.

[00:34:03] I'm also long live 10,000 years too.

[00:34:07] Thank you for coming to my palace to clarify.

[00:34:09] I'd love to talk with you some more,

[00:34:11] but I have another, I need to go into another vision.

[00:34:13] God is calling me to heaven real quick.

[00:34:15] So I gotta let you go.

[00:34:16] So sorry.

[00:34:16] Love to see you.

[00:34:17] See you later.

[00:34:18] Now, the voice of God, if you haven't noticed,

[00:34:21] he just made himself equal to our main guy, Hong Shu Chuan.

[00:34:24] And he's also basically then told him, get lost.

[00:34:27] I'm having a vision from God.

[00:34:29] He's one upping him in power.

[00:34:31] But how do you call him out when he does stuff like that?

[00:34:36] Nanjing doesn't have a very large army surrounding it right now.

[00:34:38] They only have 20,000 soldiers,

[00:34:40] but these 20,000 soldiers have been commanded

[00:34:42] for the last nine or 10 years by, quote unquote,

[00:34:45] the voice of God.

[00:34:46] They're loyal to him.

[00:34:48] Hong Shu Chuan may be the guy leading the rebellion.

[00:34:50] He may be the face of it,

[00:34:51] but the army is loyal to this other guy.

[00:34:54] The voice of God sends the only other king,

[00:34:57] the winged king, Xi Kadai, one of the other guys,

[00:35:01] and sends him on a battle out there somewhere.

[00:35:03] And so Hong Shu Chuan now is alone inside the city

[00:35:07] with, quote unquote, the voice of God working together.

[00:35:11] And Hong says he gets a message from one of his own people

[00:35:14] that the voice of God is planning to assassinate him.

[00:35:17] Is this true?

[00:35:18] We don't know.

[00:35:19] We only have his side of the story.

[00:35:21] You certainly could see it happen.

[00:35:23] He just made himself an equal of Hong Shu Chuan.

[00:35:25] He sent the other king far away to battle.

[00:35:27] It's certainly possible.

[00:35:29] He's a crafty guy.

[00:35:30] On the other hand, though,

[00:35:31] if you're Yang Shu Qing, the voice of God,

[00:35:34] do you really need to assassinate the leader?

[00:35:36] He gets to be the face of it

[00:35:37] while you get to be the powerful right hand.

[00:35:39] Things are looking pretty good for you,

[00:35:41] and you're running the city well.

[00:35:43] Why would you kill the main guy?

[00:35:45] It just depends.

[00:35:45] Maybe you dislike power.

[00:35:46] Maybe you want to be the face.

[00:35:47] Maybe you think he's holding you back.

[00:35:49] Whatever it is, Hong Shu Chuan,

[00:35:51] our main guy, the number one guy,

[00:35:54] decides he's got to get rid of him.

[00:35:55] He secretly summons one of his generals.

[00:35:57] He brings them in with an army,

[00:35:59] and suddenly there's a civil war happening

[00:36:01] right in the middle of the heavenly kingdom.

[00:36:04] 27,000 of the Taiping kingdom soldiers

[00:36:07] are killed in this battle

[00:36:09] while Hong Shu Chuan is trying to take out,

[00:36:12] quote unquote, the voice of God.

[00:36:14] And remember, this is Taiping versus Taiping.

[00:36:16] The Qing empire is just gaining from this.

[00:36:19] They're not even a part of this.

[00:36:20] Everyone who dies as a part of this rebellion

[00:36:22] that's happening is in the heavenly kingdom.

[00:36:25] The other general wins,

[00:36:26] and he's able to capture the voice of God,

[00:36:29] and he kills him for the guy.

[00:36:32] He then takes his wife and concubines,

[00:36:35] all 54 of them.

[00:36:38] Yes, the voice of God,

[00:36:40] just like our main guy,

[00:36:41] had been given and blessed the opportunity

[00:36:43] to have multiple wives,

[00:36:44] and he had 54 multiple wives and concubines,

[00:36:48] and all of them are killed.

[00:36:49] Now, this general who's chosen to do this

[00:36:52] is a man named General Wei,

[00:36:54] and General Wei begins to kill everyone he thinks is loyal,

[00:36:57] and he's under the impression

[00:36:59] that pretty much everyone is loyal to the voice of God.

[00:37:01] He begins to suspect everyone

[00:37:03] and starts purging the army everywhere.

[00:37:06] Well, the Wing King comes back.

[00:37:08] She could die.

[00:37:09] He sees what's happening with Wei killing all the soldiers,

[00:37:12] basically, and tells them he must be stopped.

[00:37:14] General Wei sees the Wing King return

[00:37:16] and tries to stop him.

[00:37:17] He goes, oh, you must be working for the voice of God,

[00:37:19] and he kills the Wing King.

[00:37:21] So now the Wing King, or he tries to, sorry,

[00:37:24] the Wing King gets away.

[00:37:25] The Wing King almost is killed.

[00:37:26] He doesn't end up killing him,

[00:37:27] but he does kill his family.

[00:37:30] So the Wing King gets away.

[00:37:31] He's chased out of Nanjing.

[00:37:33] His family is killed.

[00:37:34] General Wei is killing everyone,

[00:37:36] and this is not good.

[00:37:37] The Wing King goes back outside the Nanjing area,

[00:37:40] groups some armies together,

[00:37:41] and begins sieging the city.

[00:37:43] Now the Taiping Rebellion is under siege

[00:37:46] by the Taiping Rebellion.

[00:37:48] The soldiers inside the wall are supporting the Wing King.

[00:37:51] They're trying to escape

[00:37:52] because General Wei is purging and killing everyone,

[00:37:55] and they also think it was pretty uncool

[00:37:57] of General Wei to kill the other guy's family.

[00:38:00] General Wei realizes public sentiment is against him.

[00:38:02] He panics.

[00:38:03] He actually tries to kill Hong Xiu-Chu,

[00:38:05] and the guy in his palace sends an army to kill him.

[00:38:08] Hong's loyal men hold them off,

[00:38:10] and Hong reaches out to the guys

[00:38:12] who are loyal to the voice of God,

[00:38:13] the guys who have been kind of hiding out,

[00:38:15] and he says, you know,

[00:38:16] hey, this is your chance to redeem yourself.

[00:38:18] If you guys who've been loyal to the voice of God,

[00:38:20] save me now, it'll be water under the bridge,

[00:38:22] and I'll let you guys live.

[00:38:23] The guys who are loyal to the voice of God,

[00:38:25] there's 200 of them hiding throughout the city.

[00:38:27] They show up, and they kill General Wei.

[00:38:29] They kill his followers.

[00:38:30] They send his head to the Wing King,

[00:38:33] and the Wing King goes, okay, it's cool.

[00:38:35] You killed the guy who killed my family.

[00:38:36] I'm still upset my family's dead,

[00:38:37] but we'll call off the siege,

[00:38:39] and our main guy, Hong Shu Chuen, stays in power.

[00:38:43] But things are not good.

[00:38:47] The dream is over.

[00:38:49] The idea of a heavenly kingdom,

[00:38:52] the mask is ripped off.

[00:38:53] Suddenly, this utopian Christian thing

[00:38:56] is not looking so good.

[00:38:57] All of the generals just got in this horrible,

[00:38:59] brutal war, killing themselves,

[00:39:01] and our main guy hid in the palace with his concubines

[00:39:04] until he was almost assassinated,

[00:39:05] and everyone suddenly goes,

[00:39:07] that doesn't look like a heavenly kingdom

[00:39:09] like I've been promised.

[00:39:11] The voice of God,

[00:39:13] the whole thing that this started around,

[00:39:15] he was a very capable administrator.

[00:39:16] He was very good at what he did,

[00:39:18] and him being killed,

[00:39:19] there was no one left to take his place.

[00:39:22] Not only was he killed,

[00:39:23] but after this,

[00:39:24] the Wing King takes off

[00:39:25] because his family's dead.

[00:39:26] He's done.

[00:39:27] Other kings have basically disappeared.

[00:39:29] We talked about how several of them

[00:39:30] were assassinated,

[00:39:31] and the Taiping citizens,

[00:39:33] tens of thousands of them died

[00:39:35] in this back and forth war.

[00:39:37] People feel like the dream is over.

[00:39:40] Now, to make up for the loss of leadership,

[00:39:43] Xu Chuen institutes two of his brothers

[00:39:45] into the royal kingly line.

[00:39:46] He calls one the blessed king

[00:39:48] and the other the peaceful king,

[00:39:49] but nobody's really happy with this,

[00:39:52] and as I said,

[00:39:53] the Wing King takes his army and leaves.

[00:39:55] He's done with this whole thing.

[00:39:57] Now, as he's leaving,

[00:39:58] the Qing Empire take advantage of the Wing King,

[00:40:00] and they begin to attack

[00:40:02] and take lands back.

[00:40:03] It looked like the Qing Empire

[00:40:04] was about to move forward,

[00:40:05] but they don't

[00:40:06] because of the Neon Rebellion,

[00:40:08] the Opium War,

[00:40:09] and everything else.

[00:40:10] One big mistake in a sense

[00:40:11] was that the Taiping Rebellion

[00:40:13] and the Qing were fighting

[00:40:14] in a sense of total war.

[00:40:16] This was the first of its kind.

[00:40:18] Yeah.

[00:40:18] Can you talk a little bit about

[00:40:20] the relationship between the Opium War

[00:40:23] and the Taiping Rebellion?

[00:40:25] Because I thought,

[00:40:27] I mean,

[00:40:27] not obviously now that we're going through it,

[00:40:30] but historically,

[00:40:31] I thought those were related

[00:40:34] and or the same

[00:40:35] or overlapped,

[00:40:37] but they are separate events.

[00:40:38] Is that what you're saying?

[00:40:39] Well, we just,

[00:40:40] as we said,

[00:40:41] the first Opium War

[00:40:43] happened long before all this.

[00:40:44] The second,

[00:40:45] well, not long,

[00:40:45] but about 10 years

[00:40:46] before all this started.

[00:40:47] The second Opium War

[00:40:48] happens at the same time.

[00:40:50] So while China is fighting

[00:40:51] the Taiping Rebellion

[00:40:52] on the inside,

[00:40:54] on the outside,

[00:40:55] Britain and France

[00:40:56] are invading,

[00:40:57] taking ports,

[00:40:58] burning down Beijing.

[00:40:59] As we said,

[00:41:00] the one army that went north,

[00:41:01] if they had just held that city

[00:41:02] for one year longer,

[00:41:04] they would have,

[00:41:04] the Opium War armies

[00:41:06] of the British and French

[00:41:06] would have shown up

[00:41:07] maybe even to help them

[00:41:08] take Beijing.

[00:41:09] We don't know

[00:41:10] what would have happened there.

[00:41:11] But the,

[00:41:11] so they are overlapping.

[00:41:13] They're not the same war.

[00:41:14] But they're unrelated.

[00:41:15] The Taiping Rebellion.

[00:41:16] Yeah.

[00:41:17] They're unrelated.

[00:41:17] It would be basically like

[00:41:18] if during the American Civil War,

[00:41:20] also America was fighting

[00:41:21] the Nazis, right?

[00:41:22] Like they're two different wars

[00:41:23] in a sense,

[00:41:24] like some soldiers are fighting

[00:41:25] in the Taiping Rebellion

[00:41:26] and some soldiers are being sent

[00:41:28] to fight off the Nazis.

[00:41:29] But the problem is

[00:41:30] you,

[00:41:31] when you're fighting

[00:41:32] outside of yourself

[00:41:34] and really wouldn't be

[00:41:35] fighting the Nazis,

[00:41:35] it'd be more like the War of 1812

[00:41:37] where the British invade America.

[00:41:38] But when you're fighting

[00:41:40] two different wars,

[00:41:40] your armies are split in half,

[00:41:42] all your resources are split,

[00:41:43] et cetera.

[00:41:43] And,

[00:41:44] and the Opium Wars,

[00:41:45] they're not winning.

[00:41:46] They're losing badly.

[00:41:48] And so how many soldiers

[00:41:50] can you send down to Taiping

[00:41:52] to take on the Heavenly King

[00:41:54] when you're losing,

[00:41:55] when Beijing's being burned, right?

[00:41:56] Like,

[00:41:57] can you really afford

[00:41:57] to send that many people?

[00:41:58] No.

[00:41:59] So those armies

[00:41:59] are really on their own.

[00:42:02] And so,

[00:42:03] yeah,

[00:42:03] these wars are overlapping,

[00:42:05] but they're fought

[00:42:06] by the same guy.

[00:42:07] But they're,

[00:42:07] you know,

[00:42:07] the Qing are fighting

[00:42:08] both of these wars,

[00:42:09] but one war is getting

[00:42:10] more attention.

[00:42:11] Until the Opium War is over,

[00:42:13] Qing can't really focus

[00:42:14] on the Taiping Rebellion

[00:42:17] or the Muslim rebellions

[00:42:18] that are happening

[00:42:19] across China as well.

[00:42:20] They have to focus

[00:42:21] on getting the,

[00:42:22] the,

[00:42:22] the foreign war dealt with

[00:42:24] and then they can deal with it.

[00:42:25] Once the foreign war

[00:42:26] is ended in 1860,

[00:42:28] then they can really begin

[00:42:30] to put their focus

[00:42:30] more on the Taiping Rebellion.

[00:42:32] That's when you'll start

[00:42:33] to see the ropes

[00:42:33] kind of tightening around.

[00:42:35] The news is starting

[00:42:35] to get tighter

[00:42:36] once that starts to happen.

[00:42:38] Gotcha.

[00:42:39] One of,

[00:42:39] one of the problems

[00:42:40] with this war too

[00:42:41] is that the Qing

[00:42:44] and Taiping Rebellion

[00:42:46] are fighting

[00:42:46] total war.

[00:42:47] And what that means is

[00:42:48] when they take a city,

[00:42:50] they kill everybody in it.

[00:42:51] And when the other side

[00:42:52] takes the city,

[00:42:52] they kill everybody in it.

[00:42:54] They burn the farmland

[00:42:55] so you can't use it

[00:42:56] as resources.

[00:42:56] They crush everything

[00:42:58] in their way.

[00:42:58] China had never really

[00:42:59] fought a war like this

[00:43:01] and I'm sure they had.

[00:43:01] It's a very long country,

[00:43:02] but this is one of the first

[00:43:03] modern,

[00:43:04] quote unquote,

[00:43:05] modern wars

[00:43:05] where both sides

[00:43:06] are basically doing it.

[00:43:07] It started with the Qing.

[00:43:08] The Qing were basically

[00:43:08] like kill all the heretics,

[00:43:10] kill them all.

[00:43:10] And the Taiping Rebellion

[00:43:12] responded by,

[00:43:13] well,

[00:43:13] we'll do the same.

[00:43:14] But the problem is

[00:43:15] when both sides

[00:43:17] are,

[00:43:17] surrender is not accepted,

[00:43:18] we'll kill anybody

[00:43:19] who surrenders.

[00:43:19] Well,

[00:43:20] when both sides

[00:43:20] fight that way,

[00:43:21] neither side

[00:43:22] has a reason

[00:43:22] to surrender

[00:43:23] and so they just

[00:43:24] fight to the death.

[00:43:26] And this becomes

[00:43:27] a very extreme,

[00:43:29] exterminate everybody

[00:43:29] in the rebellion

[00:43:30] part of it.

[00:43:31] Qing wants every ounce

[00:43:33] of this rebellion

[00:43:33] destroyed so they don't

[00:43:34] have to see it again.

[00:43:35] But because they had

[00:43:36] this no surrender policy,

[00:43:38] the Taiping never

[00:43:38] have a reason

[00:43:39] to surrender.

[00:43:39] You're going to die

[00:43:40] either way.

[00:43:41] You might as well

[00:43:42] die fighting back.

[00:43:43] This leads to terrible

[00:43:44] slaughters on both sides

[00:43:46] and no reason for either

[00:43:47] side to ever surrender.

[00:43:49] In 1858,

[00:43:51] Taiping gets some

[00:43:51] fresh victories

[00:43:52] and boosting of morale,

[00:43:53] but things are still

[00:43:54] not looking that great

[00:43:55] in Nanjing

[00:43:56] because of just how

[00:43:56] bad things were

[00:43:57] after the kings split up

[00:43:59] and all those people

[00:44:00] died.

[00:44:00] Again,

[00:44:01] the dream of the

[00:44:01] heavenly kingdom

[00:44:02] seems to have smashed

[00:44:03] into reality pretty hard.

[00:44:05] After these victories,

[00:44:06] a 200,000 person army

[00:44:08] is sent from Beijing.

[00:44:10] They are all dressed

[00:44:11] in green.

[00:44:12] And if you're on

[00:44:13] the city walls,

[00:44:13] Nanjing has a gigantic

[00:44:15] wall.

[00:44:16] And if you're on

[00:44:17] the city walls,

[00:44:18] it's like 47 miles long,

[00:44:19] you would just see

[00:44:20] the hills covered

[00:44:21] in soldiers of green.

[00:44:23] In the middle of winter,

[00:44:24] the hills would look green

[00:44:25] with how many soldiers

[00:44:26] they were.

[00:44:27] They called themselves

[00:44:28] the Green Standard Army

[00:44:30] and this was not

[00:44:31] a basic army.

[00:44:32] This was not the weak

[00:44:33] local armies they've been

[00:44:34] up against up until now.

[00:44:35] These guys were good

[00:44:36] and they knew

[00:44:37] what they were doing.

[00:44:38] On the other side

[00:44:39] was Nanjing.

[00:44:40] They had 20,000 men

[00:44:41] still inside.

[00:44:43] Between all the fighting

[00:44:44] and rebellions

[00:44:45] and the Beijing army

[00:44:46] and all this stuff,

[00:44:47] things were not looking

[00:44:48] very well.

[00:44:49] This was not the same army

[00:44:50] that had been working

[00:44:51] together all those years.

[00:44:52] They had really suffered

[00:44:54] and this just wasn't

[00:44:55] a good time

[00:44:56] in the rebellion.

[00:44:57] And this is one

[00:44:58] of those moments

[00:44:59] where it really looks

[00:44:59] like the rebellion

[00:45:00] might be over.

[00:45:01] The Evergreen Army

[00:45:03] begins a siege

[00:45:04] and they completely

[00:45:05] outnumber them

[00:45:05] and this looks like

[00:45:06] it should be kind of

[00:45:07] the end of the story.

[00:45:09] But just as we've seen

[00:45:10] from episode one,

[00:45:11] part one if you remember

[00:45:12] where it just looked

[00:45:13] like it was over

[00:45:13] and suddenly they survive,

[00:45:15] that's what happens.

[00:45:16] The Nanjing 20,000 people

[00:45:17] kind of come together.

[00:45:18] They begin doing

[00:45:19] guerrilla warfare tactics

[00:45:20] and divide and art

[00:45:21] control tactics

[00:45:22] and they keep the 200,000 men

[00:45:24] from being able

[00:45:24] to completely squeeze

[00:45:25] them out.

[00:45:26] On top of that,

[00:45:27] they had some armies

[00:45:28] on the outside

[00:45:28] that kind of come around

[00:45:29] in to help cut off

[00:45:30] the supplies

[00:45:31] to the Evergreen Army.

[00:45:32] So now the Evergreen Army

[00:45:33] is sieging Nanjing,

[00:45:36] but on the outside,

[00:45:36] the Taiping Rebellion

[00:45:37] has some armies

[00:45:38] outside sieging them.

[00:45:39] So both sides

[00:45:40] are fighting.

[00:45:40] However,

[00:45:41] the Evergreen Army,

[00:45:42] these hills of green people

[00:45:43] are good soldiers.

[00:45:45] They don't get thrown off.

[00:45:46] They stay the course.

[00:45:47] They are committed

[00:45:48] to defeating

[00:45:49] the Nanjing Army.

[00:45:50] They're veterans

[00:45:51] and they know

[00:45:52] how to do it.

[00:45:53] The soldiers holding

[00:45:54] the city

[00:45:54] are in a really tough spot.

[00:45:56] And all day long,

[00:45:57] there's a 45-mile wall,

[00:45:58] a 45-mile long wall.

[00:46:01] I said 47, 45,

[00:46:02] that they had to keep

[00:46:03] guarded at all times,

[00:46:04] always ready

[00:46:04] for this 200,000 army

[00:46:06] to just break in

[00:46:07] and start attacking.

[00:46:08] And they had to do this

[00:46:09] with one-tenth

[00:46:10] of the number of soldiers.

[00:46:12] During this time,

[00:46:13] Shu Chuan sees

[00:46:13] how bad things are

[00:46:14] and he famously comes out

[00:46:15] and teaches the guards

[00:46:16] new hymns.

[00:46:18] They're like,

[00:46:18] oh, you know,

[00:46:19] we got some new hymns

[00:46:20] to encourage you from God.

[00:46:22] And they don't really sing them.

[00:46:23] As I told you before,

[00:46:24] they chant these hymns.

[00:46:25] Now, remember,

[00:46:27] he was trained

[00:46:28] by a Western Baptist preacher guy.

[00:46:30] And so imagine,

[00:46:32] you know,

[00:46:33] these armies

[00:46:33] are just going up

[00:46:34] and down a wall

[00:46:35] and they're probably

[00:46:36] singing a song

[00:46:38] like Amazing Grace,

[00:46:39] but they're probably

[00:46:39] chanting it.

[00:46:40] And that's kind of

[00:46:41] the situation you're in.

[00:46:42] You know,

[00:46:42] Amazing Grace,

[00:46:43] how sweet the sound

[00:46:44] is what the soldiers

[00:46:45] are saying

[00:46:46] while they patrol

[00:46:47] back and forth

[00:46:47] because their king

[00:46:48] came out of his

[00:46:49] concubine palace

[00:46:50] to his harem

[00:46:51] to teach them

[00:46:52] these songs.

[00:46:53] You know,

[00:46:55] I'm trying to think

[00:46:56] how great thou art.

[00:46:57] Like, I mean,

[00:46:57] just what a creepy,

[00:46:59] weird thing this is

[00:47:00] going on

[00:47:00] on the walls

[00:47:01] of this kingdom

[00:47:02] at this time.

[00:47:03] Chanting that,

[00:47:04] hoping,

[00:47:05] and he tells them

[00:47:05] if we chant these hymns,

[00:47:07] if we really do it

[00:47:08] and trust in God,

[00:47:09] he will save us.

[00:47:11] Well,

[00:47:12] they realized

[00:47:13] that their plan

[00:47:13] of the outside army

[00:47:14] attacking on one side

[00:47:15] and their inside army

[00:47:16] wasn't working,

[00:47:16] so they tried something

[00:47:18] very brave.

[00:47:19] They decided

[00:47:20] to throw open the gates

[00:47:21] and charge them.

[00:47:22] One army attacking

[00:47:23] from one side

[00:47:23] and one army attacking

[00:47:24] from the other.

[00:47:25] This is probably

[00:47:27] your boldest,

[00:47:27] most dangerous move

[00:47:28] you can make.

[00:47:29] If you fail,

[00:47:30] your army is gone

[00:47:31] and the green standard army

[00:47:32] can just march right in.

[00:47:34] But they set up a thing,

[00:47:36] they have signals,

[00:47:37] they signal the outside army

[00:47:38] on this day

[00:47:39] we're going to attack

[00:47:39] and we're going to see

[00:47:40] what happens.

[00:47:41] At night,

[00:47:42] they signal their armies,

[00:47:43] both armies throw open

[00:47:44] the gates and they attack.

[00:47:45] Well,

[00:47:45] it just so happened

[00:47:46] that that same day

[00:47:47] a snowstorm

[00:47:49] completely blew in

[00:47:50] on the green standard army.

[00:47:51] These veteran soldiers

[00:47:52] were completely

[00:47:53] expecting this blizzard

[00:47:54] and so they were trying

[00:47:55] to set up their supply lines,

[00:47:57] their communication lines

[00:47:58] and in one of the only times

[00:48:00] we see this,

[00:48:01] the Taiping Rebellion

[00:48:02] actually mounts horses.

[00:48:04] They have 20,000 soldiers

[00:48:05] on horses

[00:48:06] flood out of the city

[00:48:07] and they start attacking

[00:48:08] the green standard bearer

[00:48:09] and their outside army attacks

[00:48:10] at the same time.

[00:48:12] The snowstorm

[00:48:12] had already thrown them off.

[00:48:14] By the time

[00:48:14] communication lines are open,

[00:48:16] they realize

[00:48:16] they're wide open to attack

[00:48:18] and that they've been

[00:48:18] getting destroyed

[00:48:19] and when it's all said and done,

[00:48:21] 50,000 of the green standard bearer

[00:48:23] armies just take off running,

[00:48:24] they get killed

[00:48:25] in the fleeing

[00:48:26] and when this is almost over,

[00:48:28] almost the entire army

[00:48:29] is destroyed.

[00:48:31] From the wall,

[00:48:32] the soldiers say

[00:48:32] they could just see

[00:48:33] what was once

[00:48:34] hills covered in green

[00:48:35] are now just hills

[00:48:37] covered in red

[00:48:38] with blood

[00:48:39] from all the fighting.

[00:48:40] In fact,

[00:48:41] some of the nearby rivers

[00:48:43] are completely destroyed

[00:48:44] because so many soldiers

[00:48:45] had been killed

[00:48:46] and fell into them

[00:48:47] that the rivers

[00:48:48] are completely useless.

[00:48:49] They're literally

[00:48:49] just corrupted

[00:48:50] with the blood

[00:48:51] and bodies

[00:48:52] of these people

[00:48:53] and what was once

[00:48:54] a hill of green soldiers

[00:48:55] are now just piles

[00:48:56] of bodies everywhere.

[00:48:57] Now,

[00:48:58] the commander

[00:48:58] of the green standard bearer,

[00:49:00] this guy sent by the Qing

[00:49:01] to destroy the Taiping Rebellion,

[00:49:03] when he sees

[00:49:03] how bad their defeat was,

[00:49:05] he kills himself.

[00:49:06] He says,

[00:49:06] I can't survive this.

[00:49:07] I'm done.

[00:49:08] And this situation

[00:49:10] goes back to the Qing court.

[00:49:11] The Qing had just lost

[00:49:13] the second opium war.

[00:49:14] They see the Taiping

[00:49:15] destroyed one of their

[00:49:16] veteran elite forces

[00:49:17] and they begin

[00:49:19] to change strategies.

[00:49:20] This is near 1860.

[00:49:22] They've already been humiliated

[00:49:23] by the outside

[00:49:24] and now they're being

[00:49:25] embarrassed by the inside.

[00:49:27] And so they begin to appoint people

[00:49:29] not based on family

[00:49:31] or connections,

[00:49:32] but they appoint somebody

[00:49:33] based on merit.

[00:49:35] If you remember

[00:49:35] in the first episode,

[00:49:36] I told you the Qing Empire,

[00:49:37] you know,

[00:49:38] bases things on

[00:49:39] what family did you come from?

[00:49:41] That's not a good way

[00:49:42] to win a war.

[00:49:42] And when they see

[00:49:43] their veteran strong force

[00:49:44] take down,

[00:49:45] they say,

[00:49:45] okay,

[00:49:45] we're going to get somebody

[00:49:46] who's good at what he does

[00:49:48] to come in here

[00:49:49] and take on the Taiping Rebellion.

[00:49:51] And they hire a guy

[00:49:52] to do the job

[00:49:53] named Zheng Guo Fan.

[00:49:56] Now I got to tell you,

[00:49:58] Zheng Guo Fan,

[00:49:58] if I was writing a movie

[00:50:00] or creating a TV series

[00:50:02] and I wanted to pick

[00:50:04] the perfect guy

[00:50:05] to rival our guy,

[00:50:07] Hong Shu Chuan,

[00:50:08] Zheng Guo Fan

[00:50:09] is that guy.

[00:50:11] He is,

[00:50:11] he is literally,

[00:50:12] like he's the foil.

[00:50:14] He is the David

[00:50:14] to our guy Saul.

[00:50:16] He is the,

[00:50:17] it is the perfect guy.

[00:50:20] Let me explain.

[00:50:21] Our guy,

[00:50:22] Hong Shu Chuan,

[00:50:23] he became famous

[00:50:23] by rallying people together

[00:50:25] and fighting the bandits

[00:50:26] and the chaos

[00:50:27] down in South China.

[00:50:29] Well,

[00:50:29] Zheng Guo Fan

[00:50:30] became famous

[00:50:31] for a very similar reason.

[00:50:32] He would gather armies

[00:50:34] together to fight

[00:50:35] against the chaos

[00:50:37] caused by the Taiping Rebellion.

[00:50:39] These armies

[00:50:40] and all the overflow there,

[00:50:41] he made his marks

[00:50:42] by fighting against our guy.

[00:50:45] Zheng Guo Fan

[00:50:46] is the Moriarty

[00:50:46] to his Sherlock Holmes.

[00:50:48] Hong Shu Chuan,

[00:50:49] he had his first

[00:50:50] mental breakdown

[00:50:51] because he failed

[00:50:52] the civil service exams.

[00:50:54] Zheng Guo Fan

[00:50:54] passed his civil service exams

[00:50:56] at the top of his class.

[00:50:58] Shu Chuan got his early start

[00:50:59] attacking bandits

[00:51:00] in villages.

[00:51:01] Zheng Guo Fan

[00:51:02] got his start

[00:51:03] bringing peace

[00:51:04] against the Taiping Rebellion.

[00:51:06] Zheng Guo Fan,

[00:51:06] just like Hong Shu Chuan,

[00:51:07] was not originally a soldier.

[00:51:09] He was brought into it

[00:51:10] to stop the Taiping Rebellion

[00:51:12] and when they invaded

[00:51:13] his province,

[00:51:14] he threw them out.

[00:51:15] He brought people together

[00:51:17] to rebel against

[00:51:18] the Taiping Army

[00:51:19] in the same way

[00:51:19] that Shu Chuan

[00:51:20] had brought people together

[00:51:21] to rebel against

[00:51:22] the Qing Empire.

[00:51:23] Unlike Hong,

[00:51:25] who built up a force

[00:51:26] around himself,

[00:51:27] Zheng decided to join

[00:51:28] the Qing Army

[00:51:29] for protection.

[00:51:30] He recognized

[00:51:31] there were problems

[00:51:32] in the Qing Army,

[00:51:33] but we can fix it.

[00:51:34] We can make it better

[00:51:35] from the inside out.

[00:51:37] He would hire,

[00:51:37] for example,

[00:51:38] at the time,

[00:51:38] they would move officers

[00:51:39] around to keep you

[00:51:40] from being loyal

[00:51:41] to one officer.

[00:51:42] Well,

[00:51:43] Zheng Guo Fan

[00:51:43] was able to convince them,

[00:51:44] no,

[00:51:45] let them become allied

[00:51:46] and loyal

[00:51:47] to a certain officer

[00:51:48] so they'll fight

[00:51:49] harder for him.

[00:51:51] Zheng Guo Fan

[00:51:51] said there is a problem

[00:51:53] in the Qing Empire

[00:51:53] and just like Xu Chuan,

[00:51:55] our main guy,

[00:51:56] he says it is a problem

[00:51:57] of religion,

[00:51:58] but unlike Xu Chuan,

[00:51:59] he says it's not

[00:52:00] that we have visions

[00:52:01] and mystical things.

[00:52:02] We need to go back

[00:52:03] to Confucian teaching.

[00:52:05] He began to rally people around

[00:52:07] and teach them

[00:52:08] Confucius teachings

[00:52:09] and basically was like,

[00:52:10] hey,

[00:52:10] if we were disciplined

[00:52:11] like Confucius teaches us,

[00:52:13] we would be strong

[00:52:14] as an empire.

[00:52:15] Our problem is religion,

[00:52:17] but he's trying to turn them

[00:52:18] back to the old ways.

[00:52:20] Again,

[00:52:20] in every,

[00:52:21] like on paper,

[00:52:22] Guo Fan

[00:52:22] is the antithesis.

[00:52:24] He is the everything

[00:52:25] opposite of Xu Chuan

[00:52:27] and like I said,

[00:52:27] if this was a movie,

[00:52:28] he would be the perfect villain.

[00:52:31] You know,

[00:52:31] he's the cop

[00:52:32] chasing the bandit

[00:52:34] and he's in every way

[00:52:35] the opposite of our guy,

[00:52:36] but yet very similar.

[00:52:37] They both agree

[00:52:38] it's a problem of religion,

[00:52:40] but Xu Chuan

[00:52:41] is trying to build

[00:52:41] this Christian light kingdom

[00:52:43] and Guo Fan

[00:52:45] is trying to get them

[00:52:45] to return to the discipline

[00:52:47] of their ancestors.

[00:52:48] That will be what fixes it

[00:52:49] and the new system

[00:52:50] that Guo Fan

[00:52:51] puts into place

[00:52:52] from a military perspective

[00:52:53] works really well

[00:52:54] and the Qing

[00:52:55] look at what he's doing

[00:52:56] and they basically

[00:52:57] put him in charge

[00:52:58] of everything

[00:52:58] and say,

[00:52:58] you're in charge

[00:52:59] of the future military.

[00:53:00] You seem to know

[00:53:01] what you're doing

[00:53:01] and we're going to put you

[00:53:02] in charge of the Taiping army.

[00:53:04] You fought against them before.

[00:53:05] You're good at fighting

[00:53:06] back against them.

[00:53:07] Use your skills

[00:53:08] to take them on

[00:53:09] and Xuanzanguo Fan

[00:53:10] is sent down

[00:53:11] to lead an army

[00:53:12] against the Nanjing city.

[00:53:15] He's put in charge

[00:53:16] of all of this

[00:53:17] and it's crazy

[00:53:18] because it just,

[00:53:19] again,

[00:53:20] it feels like a movie

[00:53:21] but go look it up.

[00:53:21] Google it.

[00:53:22] You can learn about this guy.

[00:53:23] He has a long history.

[00:53:24] All of these things are true.

[00:53:26] From the Qing perspective,

[00:53:28] he's the hero.

[00:53:29] He's the guy

[00:53:29] who's going to rise up

[00:53:31] and take on

[00:53:31] these bad invader bandits.

[00:53:34] Now the Qing

[00:53:34] made him the leader

[00:53:35] of their military

[00:53:36] hoping that this guy

[00:53:37] raised on merit

[00:53:38] might be able to do the job

[00:53:39] but they also turn

[00:53:40] to the outside world.

[00:53:41] Remember I said

[00:53:41] the second opium war

[00:53:42] was part of the reason

[00:53:43] they were losing

[00:53:44] but then it will become

[00:53:45] part of the reason

[00:53:46] they're winning.

[00:53:46] They turn to the outside world

[00:53:48] and they go,

[00:53:48] hey European nations,

[00:53:50] you guys have been neutral

[00:53:51] to the Taiping rebellion

[00:53:52] up until now

[00:53:53] but come on,

[00:53:54] we just gave you

[00:53:56] all these treaties

[00:53:56] and ports

[00:53:57] and trade deals

[00:53:58] but what good

[00:53:58] do those do you

[00:53:59] if we fall apart

[00:54:01] and the Taiping

[00:54:02] take over?

[00:54:03] And the European nations

[00:54:04] kind of wanted

[00:54:05] the Qing empire to win.

[00:54:07] The Taiping rebellion

[00:54:08] was in the way

[00:54:10] of their trade,

[00:54:10] was in the way

[00:54:11] of the merchants

[00:54:11] and they were causing

[00:54:13] problems on the canals

[00:54:14] and networks.

[00:54:14] You can't make any money

[00:54:15] out of China

[00:54:16] while this rebellion

[00:54:17] is going on

[00:54:18] and the Europeans

[00:54:20] wanted the Chinese

[00:54:21] to be addicted to opium

[00:54:22] so they could keep

[00:54:22] selling them opium

[00:54:23] but the Taiping

[00:54:24] wouldn't allow you

[00:54:25] to do drugs.

[00:54:26] That sounds bad

[00:54:27] because you go,

[00:54:28] oh come on,

[00:54:28] Christian,

[00:54:28] Britain,

[00:54:29] France,

[00:54:29] are you guys

[00:54:30] really gonna throw in

[00:54:31] with the Buddhist

[00:54:33] Confucian empire

[00:54:34] for money?

[00:54:35] Yeah,

[00:54:35] that's exactly

[00:54:36] what they do

[00:54:36] and the Westerners

[00:54:37] send their weapons

[00:54:38] and help now

[00:54:39] to the Qing empire.

[00:54:41] One example

[00:54:42] was an American

[00:54:42] named Frederick Townsend Ward.

[00:54:44] He would start

[00:54:45] a group called

[00:54:46] the Soldiers of Fortune,

[00:54:47] a mercenary military group.

[00:54:49] This group

[00:54:50] were just volunteers

[00:54:50] that lived in Shanghai.

[00:54:51] They lived in that area

[00:54:53] and they kind of

[00:54:54] gathered together

[00:54:55] to fight against

[00:54:56] the Taiping rebellion.

[00:54:57] It was originally

[00:54:58] 200 Europeans

[00:54:59] who for different reasons

[00:55:00] were living already

[00:55:00] in Shanghai.

[00:55:01] Some of them

[00:55:02] were adventurers,

[00:55:03] some of them

[00:55:03] were deserters

[00:55:04] who had escaped

[00:55:04] other wars,

[00:55:05] some of them

[00:55:05] were just sailors

[00:55:06] but when the Taiping came

[00:55:08] they all kind of

[00:55:08] gathered together

[00:55:09] and began fighting

[00:55:11] to protect Shanghai

[00:55:12] and even though

[00:55:12] there weren't many of them

[00:55:13] they were actually

[00:55:14] pretty strong.

[00:55:15] Over time

[00:55:15] they began to add

[00:55:16] Chinese soldiers

[00:55:17] and train them

[00:55:18] in European military tactics

[00:55:19] and this became

[00:55:20] like a special force

[00:55:21] of 3,000 soldiers

[00:55:22] that could be counted on

[00:55:24] to show up in Shanghai

[00:55:25] and fight whenever

[00:55:26] they were needed.

[00:55:27] They had very strong

[00:55:28] early victories

[00:55:29] against bad odds

[00:55:30] and the Qing gave them

[00:55:31] their own name

[00:55:32] even though they

[00:55:33] called themselves

[00:55:34] the soldiers of fortune

[00:55:35] the name that the Qing

[00:55:36] gave them

[00:55:36] was the quote

[00:55:37] ever victorious army.

[00:55:39] Although it stayed

[00:55:40] always pretty much

[00:55:40] in the Shanghai area

[00:55:41] Shanghai,

[00:55:42] Shanghai same place

[00:55:43] it existed at its time

[00:55:45] at about a height

[00:55:46] of 5,000 soldiers

[00:55:47] at its biggest

[00:55:48] and it became

[00:55:48] the first western

[00:55:49] trained force

[00:55:50] of Chinese soldiers

[00:55:51] and that made

[00:55:52] a huge difference.

[00:55:53] They were using

[00:55:53] western tactics

[00:55:54] against the Taiping army

[00:55:55] and the Taiping army

[00:55:56] had never seen

[00:55:57] western tactics

[00:55:57] and they were seeing

[00:55:58] that kind of training

[00:55:59] and it absolutely

[00:56:00] demolished them.

[00:56:01] They would often

[00:56:01] hold positions

[00:56:02] that were heavily

[00:56:03] outnumbered and attacked

[00:56:04] but they would manage

[00:56:04] to do a really good job.

[00:56:06] We'll talk more

[00:56:07] about their role

[00:56:08] here a little bit sooner

[00:56:09] when we get more

[00:56:10] to the invasion

[00:56:10] of Shanghai

[00:56:11] but for now

[00:56:12] you can just see

[00:56:12] how things like this

[00:56:13] are beginning

[00:56:14] to help turn

[00:56:14] the favor

[00:56:16] in the Qing empire.

[00:56:17] They're learning

[00:56:18] from their mistakes

[00:56:18] and they're getting better

[00:56:19] even though the Grand Canal

[00:56:21] is still blocked off

[00:56:22] to Beijing

[00:56:22] it doesn't really matter

[00:56:23] because Beijing

[00:56:24] has all these new ports

[00:56:25] with foreign empires

[00:56:26] trading with them

[00:56:27] it's not that they don't

[00:56:28] need the Grand Canal

[00:56:29] but they're not starving

[00:56:30] they'll make it work.

[00:56:31] During this time

[00:56:32] one of Hong's cousins

[00:56:34] a man named Rungan

[00:56:35] shows up

[00:56:36] and actually come

[00:56:37] during the siege

[00:56:38] of Nanjing

[00:56:39] during the evergreen

[00:56:40] standard bearer siege

[00:56:41] it was a sign

[00:56:42] of loyalty

[00:56:42] and trust

[00:56:43] to make such

[00:56:44] a dangerous attempt

[00:56:44] to break through

[00:56:45] the siege

[00:56:45] to get to his cousin

[00:56:46] and he joins

[00:56:47] to help the movement

[00:56:48] and he says

[00:56:48] hey I know

[00:56:49] what the Taiping

[00:56:50] rebellion needs

[00:56:51] we need a seaport

[00:56:52] all the other

[00:56:53] the Qing empire

[00:56:54] has seaports

[00:56:55] they have access

[00:56:55] to the west

[00:56:56] we own many cities

[00:56:57] but we don't own

[00:56:58] a seaport

[00:56:59] we need to buy ships

[00:57:00] we need to get

[00:57:01] contact with the western world

[00:57:02] so we can get trade

[00:57:03] and weapons

[00:57:04] and if they know about us

[00:57:06] they know about this

[00:57:06] Christian kingdom

[00:57:07] here in China

[00:57:08] they will want

[00:57:09] to join us

[00:57:10] and this makes a lot of sense

[00:57:11] Hong Xiuquan

[00:57:12] he loves the idea

[00:57:13] and so he sends

[00:57:14] some of his generals

[00:57:15] and says

[00:57:15] go take Shanghai

[00:57:16] make that our seaport

[00:57:17] and let's begin

[00:57:18] trading with the west

[00:57:19] so that they want us

[00:57:20] to win

[00:57:20] now Shanghai today

[00:57:22] is one of the biggest cities

[00:57:23] in the world

[00:57:23] and if you think of China

[00:57:24] Beijing and Shanghai

[00:57:25] are kind of

[00:57:26] two of the probably

[00:57:27] first cities you think of

[00:57:28] but at the time

[00:57:29] Shanghai was not

[00:57:30] really that big a deal

[00:57:32] in many

[00:57:33] I've been to Shanghai

[00:57:33] it's absolutely beautiful

[00:57:35] many people consider it

[00:57:36] the jewel of China

[00:57:37] because of just how

[00:57:38] skyscrapers

[00:57:39] it's a pretty place

[00:57:39] I do remember

[00:57:40] almost getting pickpocketed there

[00:57:42] but we managed to pull it off

[00:57:43] that we didn't

[00:57:44] but it's not always perfect

[00:57:45] but hey

[00:57:45] it's a nice place overall

[00:57:47] but back then

[00:57:48] Shanghai wasn't that important

[00:57:49] in fact

[00:57:49] the Taiping Rebellion

[00:57:51] is kind of part of the reason

[00:57:52] it becomes

[00:57:53] such an important place

[00:57:54] as people fled

[00:57:55] out of the Taiping Rebellion

[00:57:57] they began to plant themselves

[00:57:59] into the nearest seaport

[00:58:00] that wasn't controlled by them

[00:58:02] and that happened to be

[00:58:03] Shanghai

[00:58:04] and so as the population

[00:58:06] of Shanghai

[00:58:06] gets all these refugees

[00:58:07] fleeing the Taiping Rebellion

[00:58:09] and as it becomes

[00:58:10] kind of

[00:58:10] the

[00:58:11] the

[00:58:11] the country line

[00:58:13] where

[00:58:13] will we let Shanghai

[00:58:14] be captured or not

[00:58:15] that ends up making it

[00:58:16] a really important place

[00:58:17] and all these foreigners

[00:58:18] begin to flood in there

[00:58:19] part of the reason

[00:58:20] why Shanghai

[00:58:21] is a big city today

[00:58:22] is because of this rebellion

[00:58:23] now the Taiping Rebellion

[00:58:25] said hey

[00:58:25] we think taking Shanghai

[00:58:26] will be really easy

[00:58:27] it's right next to a city

[00:58:28] called Suzhou

[00:58:29] and another city

[00:58:29] called Hangzhou

[00:58:30] both of those

[00:58:31] are great places

[00:58:32] to get more people

[00:58:33] for our cause

[00:58:34] because there are

[00:58:35] already Christians

[00:58:36] present in both

[00:58:38] of those places

[00:58:38] and it's true

[00:58:39] when the army arrived

[00:58:40] in Suzhou

[00:58:41] which is a town

[00:58:42] filled with canals

[00:58:43] and boats

[00:58:44] Suzhou didn't even

[00:58:46] fight back

[00:58:46] they didn't have to

[00:58:47] fire a single shot

[00:58:47] they basically handed

[00:58:48] them the keys

[00:58:49] and said Suzhou's yours

[00:58:49] Taiping Rebellion

[00:58:50] don't fight us

[00:58:51] don't kill us

[00:58:51] we're fine

[00:58:52] after that

[00:58:53] they took a city

[00:58:53] called Hangzhou

[00:58:54] I lived there

[00:58:55] for a year

[00:58:56] and if you've ever

[00:58:56] seen a Chinese yuan

[00:58:57] or their dollar

[00:58:58] on the back

[00:58:59] is a picture

[00:59:00] of a lake

[00:59:00] and that lake

[00:59:01] is located

[00:59:03] in Hangzhou

[00:59:04] it's on the back

[00:59:05] of every piece

[00:59:06] of Chinese money

[00:59:07] it's a beautiful lake

[00:59:08] you could walk around

[00:59:09] it for hours

[00:59:09] and they're just

[00:59:10] old buildings

[00:59:11] and temples

[00:59:11] Hangzhou

[00:59:12] back in ancient China

[00:59:13] was the capital

[00:59:15] of China

[00:59:15] back in the olden days

[00:59:16] and in actuality

[00:59:19] Hangzhou

[00:59:21] Hangzhou

[00:59:21] used to be called

[00:59:23] the Jerusalem of Christianity

[00:59:24] in China

[00:59:25] because so many Christians

[00:59:26] had lived in Hangzhou

[00:59:28] throughout the years

[00:59:29] back in the ancient

[00:59:30] 6th and 7th century

[00:59:31] there were Christians

[00:59:32] that had been recorded

[00:59:33] as having been there

[00:59:34] and when Christians

[00:59:35] started to

[00:59:36] when missionaries

[00:59:37] started to come

[00:59:38] into China again

[00:59:40] Hangzhou

[00:59:41] was one of the very

[00:59:41] first places

[00:59:42] they began

[00:59:42] to open the door

[00:59:43] in the 6th and 17th centuries

[00:59:45] Jesuits

[00:59:46] had arrived in China

[00:59:47] and they were trying

[00:59:48] to bring Chinese people

[00:59:49] into Christianity

[00:59:50] and they found

[00:59:51] that they were able

[00:59:52] to do so

[00:59:53] and this was all

[00:59:54] discovered in like

[00:59:55] the 1980s

[00:59:55] we didn't actually

[00:59:56] know about this

[00:59:56] until 30 years ago

[00:59:57] how they did this

[00:59:58] but they planted

[00:59:58] Catholic churches

[00:59:59] in Hangzhou

[01:00:00] and by 1611

[01:00:01] they found that

[01:00:02] Hangzhou

[01:00:02] was especially

[01:00:03] open to Christianity

[01:00:04] and one of the reasons

[01:00:06] was a Confucian teacher

[01:00:07] who lived there

[01:00:08] now again

[01:00:08] you probably

[01:00:09] don't know that much

[01:00:10] about Hangzhou

[01:00:11] but Hangzhou

[01:00:11] back in the day

[01:00:12] was like a Rome

[01:00:13] or Athens

[01:00:13] I mean it was a big deal

[01:00:14] in the ancient world

[01:00:15] and when Jesuits

[01:00:17] arrived there

[01:00:18] they would tell them

[01:00:18] about the faith

[01:00:19] and there was this

[01:00:19] one Confucian teacher

[01:00:20] who specifically said

[01:00:21] hey I think your faith

[01:00:23] reminds me of this

[01:00:24] great God in the sky

[01:00:25] he reminds me

[01:00:26] of our old God

[01:00:27] called Shangdi

[01:00:28] which is interesting

[01:00:29] it's the same thing

[01:00:29] if you remember

[01:00:30] the first episode

[01:00:30] I said that Hangzhou

[01:00:31] Chuan compared

[01:00:32] Christianity

[01:00:33] to the older faith

[01:00:34] Shangdi

[01:00:35] and so this Confucian

[01:00:36] teacher wrote a book

[01:00:37] called

[01:00:38] called similarities

[01:00:39] and he said

[01:00:40] basically Christianity

[01:00:41] is similar

[01:00:41] to what we used

[01:00:42] to believe

[01:00:43] it's the true faith

[01:00:44] it's the real faith

[01:00:45] let's go back

[01:00:46] to that

[01:00:46] now in Chinese culture

[01:00:48] you lose face

[01:00:49] you are embarrassed

[01:00:50] if you admit

[01:00:51] you are wrong

[01:00:51] but so if you say

[01:00:53] oh our religion

[01:00:54] is wrong

[01:00:54] we've been worshipping

[01:00:55] the wrong gods

[01:00:56] that is embarrassing

[01:00:57] you lose face

[01:00:58] and people won't

[01:01:00] convert to Christianity

[01:01:01] because of that

[01:01:01] but if you go

[01:01:03] oh I'm not wrong

[01:01:04] I'm returning

[01:01:04] to the original faith

[01:01:05] of my ancestors

[01:01:06] that's not such

[01:01:08] a big deal

[01:01:08] around the same time

[01:01:10] that these Catholics

[01:01:11] had begun

[01:01:12] to insert themselves

[01:01:14] into Hangzhou

[01:01:14] they also found

[01:01:16] way out in the western

[01:01:17] part of China

[01:01:18] it's called

[01:01:18] the Xi'an Stele

[01:01:20] it's an old

[01:01:21] basically brick

[01:01:22] that has like

[01:01:24] records written around it

[01:01:25] these stele's

[01:01:26] are around the world

[01:01:26] have been discovered

[01:01:27] and you can go look it up

[01:01:28] but they get discovered

[01:01:30] sometimes

[01:01:30] and it talked about

[01:01:31] Christianity in China

[01:01:32] so as these

[01:01:33] Jesuits were telling

[01:01:34] people in Hangzhou

[01:01:35] about Christianity

[01:01:36] we had at the same time

[01:01:38] evidence that

[01:01:39] Christianity

[01:01:40] had been in China

[01:01:41] in the same years

[01:01:42] being found

[01:01:43] this confusion

[01:01:43] and so it really

[01:01:44] took off in Suzhou

[01:01:45] and Hangzhou

[01:01:46] that people were

[01:01:47] open to Christianity

[01:01:48] and so when the

[01:01:49] Taiping rebellion

[01:01:49] stepped in

[01:01:50] the people of Hangzhou

[01:01:51] and Suzhou

[01:01:51] were more open

[01:01:52] to Christianity

[01:01:52] than other parts

[01:01:53] of China

[01:01:54] and they were able

[01:01:55] to do a good job

[01:01:56] Taiping was able

[01:01:57] to take Hangzhou

[01:01:58] which is full of

[01:01:59] tea plantations

[01:02:00] rice fields

[01:02:01] and so on

[01:02:02] Wünschst du dir

[01:02:03] jemanden

[01:02:03] der dich

[01:02:04] versteht

[01:02:04] wie kein anderer

[01:02:05] jemand der

[01:02:06] deine Wünsche

[01:02:07] wahr werden lässt

[01:02:08] und mit dir

[01:02:09] das schönste

[01:02:09] Abenteuer

[01:02:10] deines Lebens

[01:02:10] erleben möchte

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[01:02:34] war noch nie

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[01:02:36] Shopify bietet

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[01:02:57] A great way

[01:02:58] to sustain

[01:02:59] your army

[01:02:59] Everything's

[01:03:00] going really

[01:03:00] well

[01:03:01] and now

[01:03:01] they're poised

[01:03:02] They're right

[01:03:02] at the mouth

[01:03:03] of a giant

[01:03:04] river

[01:03:04] They go up

[01:03:05] river

[01:03:05] There's

[01:03:05] Shanghai

[01:03:06] waiting for

[01:03:06] them

[01:03:07] Everything's

[01:03:07] looking good

[01:03:09] And then

[01:03:09] something goes

[01:03:10] weird

[01:03:10] The general

[01:03:11] who's supposed

[01:03:12] to take

[01:03:12] Shanghai

[01:03:13] He could

[01:03:14] It is thought

[01:03:15] that he

[01:03:15] could raise

[01:03:15] 200,000 men

[01:03:17] to surround

[01:03:17] Shanghai

[01:03:18] with

[01:03:18] This would

[01:03:19] be easily

[01:03:19] able to

[01:03:20] take

[01:03:20] Shanghai

[01:03:21] But he

[01:03:22] doesn't

[01:03:23] Instead

[01:03:23] he sends

[01:03:24] 3,000 men

[01:03:25] to the walls

[01:03:26] of Shanghai

[01:03:28] with a message

[01:03:29] And the message

[01:03:30] says basically

[01:03:31] We actually

[01:03:31] have this message

[01:03:33] You can go look it up

[01:03:33] It's a real record

[01:03:34] we have

[01:03:35] But it's an apology

[01:03:36] And he goes up

[01:03:37] to the gates

[01:03:38] of Shanghai

[01:03:38] And he doesn't

[01:03:39] attack the city

[01:03:40] He says

[01:03:41] I want to

[01:03:41] apologize

[01:03:42] Our armies

[01:03:43] While we were

[01:03:44] invading the region

[01:03:45] We accidentally

[01:03:45] killed four

[01:03:46] foreigners

[01:03:47] and harmed

[01:03:47] some members

[01:03:48] at a local

[01:03:48] church

[01:03:49] We are

[01:03:49] Christians

[01:03:50] We didn't

[01:03:51] mean to

[01:03:51] kill the

[01:03:51] Christians

[01:03:52] here to

[01:03:52] share the

[01:03:52] gospel

[01:03:53] It was

[01:03:53] a total

[01:03:53] accident

[01:03:54] We executed

[01:03:55] the men

[01:03:55] that did

[01:03:56] it

[01:03:56] Please

[01:03:56] accept

[01:03:56] our

[01:03:57] sincere

[01:03:57] apology

[01:03:57] This is

[01:03:58] a civil

[01:03:59] war

[01:03:59] It's been

[01:03:59] going on

[01:04:00] for a

[01:04:00] while

[01:04:00] We

[01:04:00] did

[01:04:01] not

[01:04:01] mean

[01:04:01] to

[01:04:01] do

[01:04:12] Now

[01:04:12] every

[01:04:12] foreigner

[01:04:13] they've

[01:04:13] met

[01:04:14] every

[01:04:14] European

[01:04:14] they've

[01:04:15] come

[01:04:15] across

[01:04:15] were

[01:04:15] Christians

[01:04:16] and

[01:04:16] had

[01:04:17] been

[01:04:17] somewhat

[01:04:17] supportive

[01:04:18] of this

[01:04:18] movement

[01:04:18] They said

[01:04:19] if you're

[01:04:20] a foreigner

[01:04:20] please

[01:04:21] wave a

[01:04:21] yellow

[01:04:22] flag

[01:04:22] from your

[01:04:22] house

[01:04:23] If

[01:04:23] there's

[01:04:23] a

[01:04:24] Christian

[01:04:24] church

[01:04:24] Shanghai

[01:04:25] wave a

[01:04:25] yellow

[01:04:26] flag

[01:04:26] from your

[01:04:26] house

[01:04:26] We

[01:04:27] won't

[01:04:27] attack

[01:04:27] places

[01:04:28] with

[01:04:28] yellow

[01:04:28] flags

[01:04:28] We're

[01:04:28] not

[01:04:29] here

[01:04:29] to

[01:04:29] kill

[01:04:29] Christians

[01:04:30] Seems

[01:04:30] reasonable

[01:04:31] right

[01:04:32] Well

[01:04:32] these

[01:04:33] foreigners

[01:04:34] are

[01:04:34] those

[01:04:34] soldiers

[01:04:35] of

[01:04:35] fortune

[01:04:36] that

[01:04:36] we

[01:04:36] had

[01:04:36] talked

[01:04:37] about

[01:04:37] and

[01:04:38] they

[01:04:38] do

[01:04:38] not

[01:04:39] care

[01:04:39] about

[01:04:39] the

[01:04:39] typing

[01:04:39] rebellion

[01:04:40] for

[01:04:40] them

[01:04:40] this

[01:04:41] is

[01:04:41] interrupting

[01:04:41] trade

[01:04:41] and

[01:04:42] commerce

[01:04:42] and

[01:04:43] they

[01:04:43] look

[01:04:43] at

[01:04:43] them

[01:04:43] and

[01:04:43] basically

[01:04:44] say

[01:04:44] we

[01:04:44] don't

[01:04:44] care

[01:04:45] about

[01:04:45] your

[01:04:45] Christian

[01:04:45] kingdom

[01:04:45] we

[01:04:46] have

[01:04:46] no

[01:04:46] interest

[01:04:47] in

[01:04:47] that

[01:04:47] the

[01:04:48] typing

[01:04:48] rebellion

[01:04:48] is

[01:04:49] confused

[01:04:49] foreigners

[01:04:50] and

[01:04:51] Europeans

[01:04:51] are

[01:04:51] synonymous

[01:04:52] with

[01:04:52] Christians

[01:04:52] in

[01:04:53] their

[01:04:53] eyes

[01:04:53] and

[01:04:53] they

[01:04:53] go

[01:04:53] don't

[01:04:53] you

[01:04:53] understand

[01:04:54] we're

[01:04:54] building

[01:04:54] the

[01:04:55] Christian

[01:04:55] kingdom

[01:04:55] and

[01:04:56] these

[01:04:56] traitors

[01:04:57] go

[01:04:57] we

[01:04:57] don't

[01:04:57] that

[01:04:57] means

[01:04:58] nothing

[01:04:58] to

[01:04:59] us

[01:04:59] and

[01:05:00] as

[01:05:00] the

[01:05:00] 3000

[01:05:00] person

[01:05:01] group

[01:05:01] comes

[01:05:02] to

[01:05:02] Shanghai

[01:05:02] to

[01:05:02] deliver

[01:05:03] the

[01:05:03] message

[01:05:03] they

[01:05:04] get

[01:05:04] the

[01:05:18] wave

[01:05:18] at

[01:05:19] the

[01:05:19] foreigners

[01:05:19] like

[01:05:19] we're

[01:05:19] Christians

[01:05:20] like

[01:05:20] you

[01:05:20] and

[01:05:20] they

[01:05:20] don't

[01:05:20] care

[01:05:21] the

[01:05:21] Europeans

[01:05:21] are

[01:05:21] just

[01:05:21] mowing

[01:05:22] them

[01:05:22] down

[01:05:22] and

[01:05:23] despite

[01:05:23] the

[01:05:23] heavy

[01:05:23] firepower

[01:05:24] the

[01:05:24] typing

[01:05:24] are

[01:05:25] ordered

[01:05:25] not

[01:05:25] to

[01:05:25] shoot

[01:05:26] back

[01:05:26] hundreds

[01:05:27] of

[01:05:27] people

[01:05:27] tie

[01:05:27] in

[01:05:28] this

[01:05:28] march

[01:05:28] to

[01:05:28] the

[01:05:28] death

[01:05:29] and

[01:05:29] at

[01:05:29] one

[01:05:29] point

[01:05:30] they

[01:05:30] even

[01:05:30] give

[01:05:30] the

[01:05:30] Europeans

[01:05:31] time

[01:05:31] to

[01:05:31] set

[01:05:31] up

[01:05:32] extra

[01:05:32] guns

[01:05:32] to

[01:05:32] fire

[01:05:33] on

[01:05:33] them

[01:05:33] it's

[01:05:33] it's

[01:05:34] an

[01:05:34] insane

[01:05:34] thing

[01:05:34] but

[01:05:35] the

[01:05:35] typing

[01:05:35] rebellion

[01:05:36] refuses

[01:05:36] to

[01:05:37] attack

[01:05:37] these

[01:05:37] Europeans

[01:05:38] they

[01:05:38] really

[01:05:39] think

[01:05:39] that

[01:05:39] the

[01:05:39] Europeans

[01:05:40] will

[01:05:40] be

[01:05:40] on

[01:05:41] their

[01:05:41] side

[01:05:41] and

[01:05:41] their

[01:05:42] whole

[01:05:42] strategy

[01:05:43] right

[01:05:43] now

[01:05:43] is

[01:05:43] if

[01:05:43] we

[01:05:43] can

[01:05:43] get

[01:05:43] a

[01:05:43] seaport

[01:05:44] to

[01:05:44] Shanghai

[01:05:44] the

[01:05:45] Europeans

[01:05:45] will

[01:05:45] join

[01:06:05] their

[01:06:05] king

[01:06:05] was

[01:06:06] obsessed

[01:06:06] with

[01:06:06] concubines

[01:06:07] but

[01:06:07] it

[01:06:07] really

[01:06:07] would

[01:06:07] have

[01:06:07] probably

[01:06:08] modernized

[01:06:08] China

[01:06:09] in

[01:06:09] parts

[01:06:10] of

[01:06:10] what

[01:06:10] their

[01:06:10] the

[01:06:11] guy

[01:06:11] the

[01:06:11] cousin

[01:06:12] Rungan

[01:06:12] who

[01:06:13] was

[01:06:13] like

[01:06:13] hey

[01:06:13] listen

[01:06:14] to

[01:06:14] my

[01:06:14] plan

[01:06:14] let's

[01:06:15] build

[01:06:15] a

[01:06:15] seaport

[01:06:15] he

[01:06:15] had

[01:06:16] a

[01:06:16] bunch

[01:06:16] of

[01:06:16] plans

[01:06:16] that

[01:06:17] he

[01:06:17] shared

[01:06:17] with

[01:06:17] he

[01:06:18] wanted

[01:06:18] to

[01:06:18] make

[01:06:19] China

[01:06:19] democracy

[01:06:19] he

[01:06:20] wanted

[01:06:20] to

[01:06:20] westernize

[01:06:21] it

[01:06:21] his

[01:06:21] cousin

[01:06:22] Rungan

[01:06:22] had spent

[01:06:22] a lot

[01:06:23] of time

[01:06:23] with

[01:06:23] Westerners

[01:06:24] and he

[01:06:24] could

[01:06:24] speak

[01:06:25] English

[01:06:25] and

[01:06:25] their

[01:06:25] language

[01:06:26] and

[01:06:26] he

[01:06:26] understood

[01:06:27] what

[01:06:28] they

[01:06:28] wanted

[01:06:28] he

[01:06:28] wanted

[01:06:28] to

[01:06:29] make

[01:06:29] the

[01:06:29] China

[01:06:30] he

[01:06:30] saw

[01:06:30] that

[01:06:30] the

[01:06:30] Qing

[01:06:31] was

[01:06:31] never

[01:06:31] going

[01:06:32] to

[01:06:32] westernize

[01:06:32] but

[01:06:32] he

[01:06:54] saying

[01:06:54] we

[01:06:55] don't

[01:06:55] want

[01:06:55] the

[01:06:55] Taiping

[01:06:56] Rebellion

[01:06:56] we

[01:06:56] don't

[01:06:56] want

[01:06:56] your

[01:06:57] Christian

[01:06:57] kingdom

[01:06:57] because

[01:06:58] we're

[01:06:58] making

[01:06:58] more

[01:06:59] money

[01:06:59] with

[01:06:59] the

[01:07:00] other

[01:07:00] side

[01:07:00] they

[01:07:01] begin

[01:07:01] to

[01:07:01] spread

[01:07:01] these

[01:07:02] rumors

[01:07:03] and

[01:07:03] stories

[01:07:04] in

[01:07:04] the

[01:07:04] foreign

[01:07:04] newspapers

[01:07:05] of

[01:07:05] North

[01:07:05] China

[01:07:05] saying

[01:07:06] basically

[01:07:07] the

[01:07:07] Taiping

[01:07:07] rebellion

[01:07:08] is

[01:07:08] this

[01:07:09] wild

[01:07:09] slaughter

[01:07:10] of

[01:07:10] people

[01:07:10] and

[01:07:11] you

[01:07:11] better

[01:07:11] watch

[01:07:12] out

[01:07:12] they

[01:07:12] are

[01:07:12] killing

[01:07:13] anybody

[01:07:13] they

[01:07:13] are

[01:07:13] not

[01:07:13] the

[01:07:13] Christian

[01:07:14] kings

[01:07:14] we've

[01:07:14] heard

[01:07:15] they

[01:07:15] are

[01:07:16] be

[01:07:16] scared

[01:07:16] of

[01:07:17] them

[01:07:17] they're

[01:07:17] sharing

[01:07:18] all

[01:07:18] these

[01:07:18] rumors

[01:07:18] and

[01:07:19] creating

[01:07:19] a

[01:07:19] moral

[01:07:20] cause

[01:07:20] to

[01:07:21] destroy

[01:07:21] them

[01:07:22] and

[01:07:22] the

[01:07:23] Europeans

[01:07:23] are

[01:07:23] showing

[01:07:23] they're

[01:07:23] not

[01:07:24] going

[01:07:24] to

[01:07:24] side

[01:07:25] with

[01:07:25] them

[01:07:25] anymore

[01:07:26] this battle

[01:07:27] over

[01:07:27] Shanghai

[01:07:27] for

[01:07:28] whatever

[01:07:28] reason

[01:07:28] the

[01:07:29] general

[01:07:29] never

[01:07:29] sends

[01:07:30] the

[01:07:30] full

[01:07:30] force

[01:07:30] against

[01:07:31] Shanghai

[01:07:31] I

[01:07:32] don't

[01:07:32] know

[01:07:32] if

[01:07:32] he's

[01:07:32] worried

[01:07:40] keep

[01:07:40] sending

[01:07:40] these

[01:07:41] small

[01:07:41] little

[01:07:41] forces

[01:07:41] that

[01:07:42] the

[01:07:42] soldiers

[01:07:42] of

[01:07:42] fortune

[01:07:43] are

[01:07:43] able

[01:07:43] to

[01:07:43] fight

[01:07:43] off

[01:07:44] pretty

[01:07:44] well

[01:07:44] it's

[01:07:45] one

[01:07:45] of

[01:07:45] the

[01:07:45] bizarre

[01:07:45] things

[01:07:46] in

[01:07:46] this war

[01:07:46] that

[01:08:11] is

[01:08:12] the

[01:08:13] Qing

[01:08:13] Empire

[01:08:14] is

[01:08:14] now

[01:08:14] sending

[01:08:14] a

[01:08:15] more

[01:08:15] skillful

[01:08:15] army

[01:08:16] this

[01:08:16] is

[01:08:16] the

[01:08:16] one

[01:08:16] that's

[01:08:17] led

[01:08:17] by

[01:08:17] Zheng

[01:08:17] Wofan

[01:08:18] they

[01:08:18] have

[01:08:18] a

[01:08:18] navy

[01:08:19] again

[01:08:19] and

[01:08:20] they

[01:08:20] begin

[01:08:21] to

[01:08:21] invade

[01:08:21] through

[01:08:22] Suzhou

[01:08:22] and

[01:08:23] cut

[01:08:23] this

[01:08:23] army

[01:08:23] to

[01:08:24] fight

[01:08:24] Shanghai

[01:08:25] off

[01:08:25] and

[01:08:25] away

[01:08:26] from

[01:08:26] the

[01:08:26] Taiping

[01:08:27] supply

[01:08:27] lines

[01:08:28] and

[01:08:28] they

[01:08:28] begin

[01:08:29] to

[01:08:29] come

[01:08:29] down

[01:08:29] and

[01:08:30] deal

[01:08:30] with

[01:08:31] the

[01:08:31] Taiping

[01:08:32] rebellion

[01:08:32] in a

[01:08:33] very

[01:08:33] serious

[01:08:33] and

[01:08:34] real

[01:08:34] way

[01:08:34] the

[01:08:35] ever

[01:08:35] victorious

[01:08:35] army

[01:08:36] those

[01:08:36] soldiers

[01:08:36] of

[01:08:37] fortune

[01:08:37] they're

[01:08:37] helping

[01:08:38] them

[01:08:38] conquer

[01:08:38] back

[01:08:38] too

[01:08:39] and

[01:08:39] they're

[01:08:39] fighting

[01:08:39] back

[01:08:40] but

[01:08:40] the

[01:08:40] Qing

[01:08:41] never

[01:08:41] trusted

[01:08:41] them

[01:08:42] to

[01:08:42] do

[01:08:42] the

[01:08:42] job

[01:08:43] because

[01:08:43] they're

[01:08:43] foreigners

[01:08:43] and

[01:08:44] who

[01:08:44] knows

[01:08:44] these

[01:08:45] guys

[01:08:45] are

[01:08:45] mercenaries

[01:08:45] if they'll

[01:08:46] actually

[01:08:46] take

[01:08:46] things

[01:08:46] seriously

[01:08:47] but

[01:08:47] during

[01:08:48] this

[01:08:48] time

[01:08:48] these

[01:08:49] groups

[01:08:49] take

[01:08:49] up

[01:08:49] Suzhou

[01:08:50] they

[01:08:50] take

[01:08:50] Hangzhou

[01:08:51] back

[01:08:51] they

[01:08:51] surround

[01:08:52] this

[01:08:52] army

[01:08:52] that's

[01:08:53] trying

[01:08:53] to

[01:08:53] take

[01:08:53] Shanghai

[01:08:54] and

[01:08:54] eventually

[01:08:54] they're

[01:08:55] cut

[01:08:55] off

[01:08:55] and

[01:08:56] at

[01:08:56] the

[01:08:56] same

[01:08:56] time

[01:08:56] the

[01:08:56] Qing

[01:08:56] Empire

[01:08:57] tells

[01:08:57] the

[01:08:57] British

[01:08:57] and

[01:08:58] French

[01:08:58] don't

[01:08:58] sell

[01:08:58] weapons

[01:08:59] to

[01:08:59] the

[01:08:59] Taiping

[01:08:59] so now

[01:09:00] the

[01:09:00] Taiping

[01:09:00] aren't

[01:09:01] getting

[01:09:01] weapons

[01:09:01] from

[01:09:01] the

[01:09:02] European

[01:09:02] powers

[01:09:02] anymore

[01:09:03] the

[01:09:04] Taiping

[01:09:04] people

[01:09:04] really

[01:09:04] put

[01:09:05] all

[01:09:30] they've

[01:09:30] lost

[01:09:30] that

[01:09:31] army

[01:09:31] up

[01:09:31] north

[01:09:31] they

[01:09:32] they're

[01:09:32] losing

[01:09:32] their

[01:09:32] invasion

[01:09:33] of

[01:09:33] Shanghai

[01:09:33] they've

[01:09:34] lost

[01:09:34] soldiers

[01:09:35] in

[01:09:35] their

[01:09:35] own

[01:09:35] inner

[01:09:36] splitting

[01:09:36] things

[01:09:36] are

[01:09:36] starting

[01:09:37] to

[01:09:37] come

[01:09:37] apart

[01:09:37] for

[01:09:37] them

[01:09:37] yeah

[01:09:38] it seems

[01:09:38] like

[01:09:39] both

[01:09:40] from

[01:09:40] within

[01:09:40] their

[01:09:41] general

[01:09:43] isn't

[01:09:43] too hot

[01:09:44] about

[01:09:44] continuing

[01:09:45] their

[01:09:45] cause

[01:09:46] and

[01:09:48] multiple

[01:09:48] fronts

[01:09:49] from

[01:09:50] outside

[01:09:53] that are

[01:09:54] pushing

[01:09:54] in

[01:09:54] from the

[01:09:55] outside

[01:09:55] okay

[01:09:56] that's

[01:09:56] exactly

[01:09:57] what's

[01:09:58] happening

[01:09:58] but they

[01:09:58] do

[01:09:58] have

[01:09:59] this kind

[01:09:59] of

[01:09:59] window

[01:10:00] one

[01:10:00] more

[01:10:00] way

[01:10:01] to

[01:10:01] bring

[01:10:01] the

[01:10:01] western

[01:10:02] world

[01:10:02] on

[01:10:02] their

[01:10:03] side

[01:10:03] they're

[01:10:03] not

[01:10:04] bringing

[01:10:04] them

[01:10:04] in

[01:10:04] through

[01:10:04] the

[01:10:05] seaport

[01:10:05] plan

[01:10:05] that's

[01:10:06] kind

[01:10:06] of

[01:10:06] fizzling

[01:10:06] out

[01:10:06] but they

[01:10:07] have

[01:10:08] one

[01:10:08] other

[01:10:08] plan

[01:10:08] and that

[01:10:08] is

[01:10:09] through

[01:10:09] just

[01:10:10] direct

[01:10:10] Christian

[01:10:10] outreach

[01:10:11] we're

[01:10:11] a

[01:10:11] Christian

[01:10:11] kingdom

[01:10:12] right

[01:10:12] let's

[01:10:13] bring

[01:10:13] you

[01:10:29] and

[01:10:29] travel

[01:10:30] and

[01:10:30] if

[01:10:31] you

[01:10:31] remember

[01:10:31] I

[01:10:31] told

[01:10:31] you

[01:10:32] there

[01:10:32] was

[01:10:32] a

[01:10:32] guy

[01:10:32] he

[01:10:33] was

[01:10:33] a

[01:10:33] pastor

[01:10:34] he

[01:10:34] tried

[01:10:35] to

[01:10:35] disciple

[01:10:36] Hong

[01:10:36] Shu

[01:10:37] Chuan

[01:10:37] but it

[01:10:38] fails

[01:10:38] and

[01:10:39] Hong

[01:10:39] Chuan

[01:10:39] goes

[01:10:40] off

[01:10:53] and I

[01:10:54] said

[01:10:55] that

[01:10:59] seen

[01:10:59] him

[01:10:59] in

[01:10:59] eight

[01:10:59] or

[01:10:59] nine

[01:11:00] years

[01:11:00] but

[01:11:00] he's

[01:11:00] like

[01:11:00] hey

[01:11:00] this

[01:11:01] is

[01:11:01] my

[01:11:01] old

[01:11:01] teacher

[01:11:02] this

[01:11:02] is

[01:11:02] my

[01:11:02] mentor

[01:11:02] bring

[01:11:02] him

[01:11:03] in

[01:11:03] I

[01:11:03] want

[01:11:03] to

[01:11:03] see

[01:11:03] him

[01:11:03] and

[01:11:04] up

[01:11:04] until

[01:11:04] this

[01:11:05] point

[01:11:05] Issachar

[01:11:05] Roberts

[01:11:06] has

[01:11:06] been

[01:11:06] writing

[01:11:06] books

[01:11:07] and

[01:11:07] newspapers

[01:11:08] celebrating

[01:11:08] what

[01:11:09] they're

[01:11:09] doing

[01:11:10] he

[01:11:10] said

[01:11:10] hey

[01:11:10] this

[01:11:10] is

[01:11:11] a

[01:11:11] great

[01:11:11] guy

[01:11:11] I

[01:11:12] may

[01:11:12] not

[01:11:12] have

[01:11:12] gotten

[01:11:12] to

[01:11:12] baptize

[01:11:13] him

[01:11:13] but

[01:11:13] here's

[01:11:13] a

[01:11:13] quote

[01:11:14] he

[01:11:14] says

[01:11:14] had

[01:11:15] he

[01:11:15] gained

[01:11:15] his

[01:11:16] a

[01:11:29] kingdom

[01:11:29] do

[01:11:29] so

[01:11:29] much

[01:11:29] he

[01:11:30] said

[01:11:30] in

[01:11:31] another

[01:11:31] pamphlet

[01:11:31] in

[01:11:32] 1854

[01:11:32] again

[01:11:32] before

[01:11:33] he

[01:11:33] gets

[01:11:33] there

[01:11:34] he

[01:11:34] says

[01:11:34] quote

[01:11:35] the

[01:11:35] Qing

[01:11:35] dynasty

[01:11:36] will

[01:11:36] become

[01:11:36] defunct

[01:11:37] and

[01:11:37] the

[01:11:37] Taiping

[01:11:37] dynasty

[01:11:38] will

[01:11:38] be

[01:11:38] established

[01:11:39] the

[01:11:39] Christian

[01:11:40] religion

[01:11:40] will

[01:11:40] not

[01:11:40] only

[01:11:40] be

[01:11:41] tolerated

[01:11:41] but

[01:11:41] now

[01:11:41] promoted

[01:11:42] in

[01:11:42] China

[01:11:43] and

[01:11:43] if

[01:11:43] you've

[01:11:43] been

[01:11:44] a

[01:11:44] missionary

[01:11:44] in

[01:11:44] China

[01:11:44] for

[01:11:45] decades

[01:11:45] and

[01:11:45] you

[01:11:45] know

[01:11:45] how

[01:11:45] hard

[01:11:46] it

[01:11:46] is

[01:11:46] to

[01:11:46] share

[01:11:46] the

[01:11:46] gospel

[01:11:47] with

[01:11:47] the

[01:11:47] Qing

[01:11:47] empire

[01:11:47] stopping

[01:11:48] you

[01:11:48] this

[01:11:49] looks

[01:11:49] like

[01:11:49] a

[01:11:49] beautiful

[01:11:49] thing

[01:11:50] he's

[01:11:50] very

[01:11:51] excited

[01:11:51] to

[01:11:51] get

[01:11:51] up

[01:11:51] to

[01:11:52] Nanjing

[01:11:52] and

[01:11:52] see

[01:11:52] what

[01:11:52] his

[01:11:52] old

[01:11:53] student

[01:11:53] has

[01:11:53] been

[01:11:53] doing

[01:11:53] he

[01:11:53] can't

[01:11:54] wait

[01:11:54] to

[01:11:54] help

[01:11:54] out

[01:11:54] but

[01:11:55] when

[01:11:55] he

[01:11:55] gets

[01:11:55] there

[01:11:56] he

[01:11:56] realizes

[01:11:56] the

[01:11:57] Christian

[01:11:57] kingdom

[01:11:57] is

[01:11:58] not

[01:11:58] what

[01:11:58] he

[01:11:58] thought

[01:11:59] it

[01:11:59] was

[01:11:59] Westerners

[01:12:00] kind

[01:12:00] of

[01:12:00] come

[01:12:00] and

[01:12:01] go

[01:12:01] a

[01:12:01] little

[01:12:01] bit

[01:12:01] here

[01:12:01] and

[01:12:02] there

[01:12:02] they

[01:12:02] basically

[01:12:03] were

[01:12:03] surprised

[01:12:04] to

[01:12:04] find

[01:12:04] that

[01:12:05] the

[01:12:05] peasants

[01:12:05] and

[01:12:06] former

[01:12:06] scholars

[01:12:06] were

[01:12:07] basically

[01:12:07] acting

[01:12:08] like

[01:12:08] the

[01:12:08] Qing

[01:12:09] Empire

[01:12:09] they

[01:12:09] were

[01:12:09] just

[01:12:09] dressing

[01:12:10] up

[01:12:10] in

[01:12:10] their

[01:12:10] clothes

[01:12:10] and

[01:12:11] putting

[01:12:11] on

[01:12:11] even

[01:12:12] more

[01:12:13] parades

[01:12:13] and

[01:12:13] putting

[01:12:13] on

[01:12:14] even

[01:12:14] more

[01:12:14] extravagant

[01:12:15] shows

[01:12:15] you know

[01:12:15] foreigners

[01:12:16] had complained

[01:12:16] Westerners complained

[01:12:17] and said

[01:12:18] China's

[01:12:18] full of

[01:12:19] all

[01:12:19] these

[01:12:19] pomp

[01:12:19] and

[01:12:20] circumstance

[01:12:20] and

[01:12:21] all

[01:12:21] this

[01:12:21] respect

[01:12:22] and

[01:12:22] honor

[01:12:22] show

[01:12:23] stuff

[01:12:23] that

[01:12:23] gets

[01:12:23] in

[01:12:23] the

[01:12:23] way

[01:12:24] of

[01:12:24] doing

[01:12:24] anything

[01:12:24] well

[01:12:25] now

[01:12:25] the

[01:12:25] Taiping

[01:12:26] rebellion

[01:12:26] is

[01:12:26] doing

[01:12:26] even

[01:12:27] more

[01:12:27] exaggerated

[01:12:28] versions

[01:12:28] of

[01:12:29] all

[01:12:29] that

[01:12:29] power

[01:12:30] showmanship

[01:12:30] but

[01:12:31] run

[01:12:31] by

[01:12:31] peasants

[01:12:31] who

[01:12:32] don't

[01:12:32] know

[01:12:32] what

[01:12:32] they're

[01:12:32] doing

[01:12:33] so

[01:12:33] it's

[01:12:33] even

[01:12:33] more

[01:12:34] incompetent

[01:12:34] and

[01:12:34] even

[01:12:35] more

[01:12:35] of a

[01:12:35] mess

[01:12:36] than

[01:12:36] it

[01:12:36] was

[01:12:36] before

[01:12:37] now

[01:12:37] Rungan

[01:12:38] the

[01:12:38] cousin

[01:12:39] who

[01:12:39] knows

[01:12:39] the

[01:12:39] West

[01:12:40] really

[01:12:40] well

[01:12:40] he

[01:12:41] basically

[01:12:42] is trying

[01:12:42] to convince

[01:12:43] Issachar

[01:12:43] let's

[01:12:44] get the

[01:12:44] Christians

[01:12:44] on board

[01:12:45] let's

[01:12:45] do

[01:12:45] this

[01:12:45] thing

[01:12:45] he

[01:12:46] thinks

[01:12:47] that

[01:12:47] he

[01:12:47] can

[01:12:47] convince

[01:12:48] him

[01:12:48] and

[01:12:48] leave

[01:12:49] him

[01:12:49] in

[01:12:49] there

[01:12:50] but

[01:12:50] and

[01:12:51] one

[01:12:51] of

[01:12:51] the

[01:12:51] ways

[01:12:51] he

[01:12:51] does

[01:12:51] this

[01:12:52] is

[01:12:52] hey

[01:12:52] let's

[01:12:54] be

[01:12:54] nice

[01:12:55] to

[01:12:55] the

[01:12:55] foreigners

[01:12:55] and

[01:12:56] not

[01:12:56] attack

[01:12:56] them

[01:12:56] directly

[01:12:57] at

[01:12:57] one

[01:12:57] point

[01:12:58] Zheng

[01:12:58] Gofan

[01:12:58] remember

[01:12:59] the

[01:12:59] rival

[01:13:05] foreigners

[01:13:06] are

[01:13:06] they

[01:13:07] don't

[01:13:07] attack

[01:13:07] him

[01:13:08] and

[01:13:08] he's

[01:13:08] able

[01:13:08] to

[01:13:08] recover

[01:13:09] his

[01:13:09] soldiers

[01:13:10] and

[01:13:10] army

[01:13:10] and

[01:13:10] live

[01:13:11] to

[01:13:11] fight

[01:13:11] another

[01:13:11] day

[01:13:12] Zheng

[01:13:12] Gofan

[01:13:12] was

[01:13:13] saved

[01:13:13] by

[01:13:14] this

[01:13:14] strategy

[01:13:14] of

[01:13:15] don't

[01:13:15] attack

[01:13:15] the

[01:13:15] foreigner

[01:13:16] that

[01:13:16] Rungan

[01:13:17] had

[01:13:17] been

[01:13:17] doing

[01:13:17] now

[01:13:18] Issachar

[01:13:18] Roberts

[01:13:19] does

[01:13:19] one

[01:13:19] more

[01:13:20] thing

[01:13:20] this

[01:13:20] is

[01:13:35] the

[01:13:35] Christian

[01:13:36] world

[01:13:36] will

[01:13:36] come

[01:13:36] on

[01:13:37] their

[01:13:37] side

[01:13:37] and

[01:13:38] Europe

[01:13:38] will

[01:13:38] be

[01:13:38] forced

[01:13:39] to

[01:13:39] take

[01:13:39] the

[01:13:39] typing

[01:13:40] rebellion

[01:13:40] side

[01:13:41] this

[01:13:41] is

[01:13:42] their

[01:13:42] hail

[01:13:42] mary

[01:13:42] this

[01:13:42] is

[01:13:43] kind

[01:13:43] of

[01:13:43] their

[01:13:43] last

[01:13:43] chance

[01:13:44] to

[01:13:44] convince

[01:13:45] the

[01:13:45] world

[01:13:45] join

[01:13:45] us

[01:13:46] Christians

[01:13:47] and

[01:13:47] so

[01:13:47] we

[01:13:47] get

[01:13:48] all

[01:13:48] these

[01:13:48] outsider

[01:13:49] Christian

[01:13:50] perspectives

[01:13:50] that

[01:13:51] they

[01:13:51] wrote

[01:13:51] down

[01:13:51] journals

[01:13:52] I

[01:13:52] actually

[01:13:52] read

[01:13:53] through

[01:13:53] the

[01:13:53] journal

[01:13:53] not

[01:13:54] all

[01:13:54] of

[01:13:54] it

[01:13:54] but

[01:13:54] a

[01:13:54] lot

[01:13:55] of

[01:13:55] it

[01:13:55] and

[01:13:55] it

[01:13:55] was

[01:13:55] really

[01:13:56] interesting

[01:13:57] Rungan

[01:14:05] this

[01:14:05] is

[01:14:05] his

[01:14:06] last

[01:14:06] thing

[01:14:08] he's

[01:14:08] his

[01:14:08] cousin

[01:14:08] so

[01:14:09] he

[01:14:09] can't

[01:14:09] completely

[01:14:09] get rid

[01:14:09] of

[01:14:10] him

[01:14:10] but

[01:14:10] this

[01:14:10] is

[01:14:10] your

[01:14:10] last

[01:14:10] job

[01:14:11] if

[01:14:11] these

[01:14:12] missionaries

[01:14:12] that

[01:14:12] come

[01:14:12] and

[01:14:13] visit

[01:14:13] the

[01:14:13] typing

[01:14:13] rebellion

[01:14:14] aren't

[01:14:14] happy

[01:14:14] you're

[01:14:15] toast

[01:14:15] we're

[01:14:15] done

[01:14:16] with

[01:14:16] the

[01:14:16] westerner

[01:14:16] policy

[01:14:17] after

[01:14:17] that

[01:14:18] and

[01:14:18] the

[01:14:18] westerners

[01:14:19] are

[01:14:19] not

[01:14:19] impressed

[01:14:20] they

[01:14:20] see

[01:14:21] the

[01:14:21] city

[01:14:21] in

[01:14:22] terms

[01:14:34] of

[01:14:35] and

[01:14:36] the

[01:14:36] wars

[01:14:36] they

[01:14:36] had

[01:14:36] been

[01:14:36] fighting

[01:14:37] how

[01:14:37] many

[01:14:37] people

[01:14:37] dying

[01:14:38] they're

[01:14:38] terrified

[01:14:39] they're

[01:14:39] going

[01:14:39] millions

[01:14:39] of

[01:14:39] people

[01:14:40] are

[01:14:40] dying

[01:14:40] because

[01:14:40] of

[01:14:40] this

[01:14:40] war

[01:14:41] why

[01:14:41] are

[01:14:41] you

[01:14:41] doing

[01:14:41] this

[01:14:42] they

[01:14:42] would

[01:14:42] see

[01:14:43] piles

[01:14:43] of

[01:14:43] skulls

[01:14:44] on

[01:14:44] the

[01:14:44] street

[01:14:44] and

[01:14:45] they

[01:14:45] say

[01:14:45] this

[01:14:45] is

[01:14:45] where

[01:14:45] we

[01:14:45] killed

[01:14:46] the

[01:14:46] people

[01:14:46] who

[01:14:46] broke

[01:14:46] the

[01:14:46] laws

[01:14:47] and

[01:14:47] they're

[01:14:48] going

[01:14:48] what

[01:14:48] are

[01:14:48] you

[01:14:48] doing

[01:14:49] that's

[01:14:49] not

[01:14:49] what

[01:14:49] Christians

[01:14:50] do

[01:14:50] we

[01:14:50] don't

[01:14:50] kill

[01:14:50] everybody

[01:14:51] who

[01:14:51] breaks

[01:14:51] the

[01:14:51] laws

[01:14:51] what's

[01:14:52] wrong

[01:14:52] with

[01:14:52] you

[01:14:53] the

[01:14:53] missionaries

[01:14:54] told

[01:14:54] Rangan

[01:14:54] that

[01:14:55] the

[01:14:56] theology

[01:14:56] of

[01:14:57] this

[01:14:57] place

[01:14:57] too

[01:14:57] is

[01:14:58] a

[01:14:58] mess

[01:14:58] now

[01:14:59] I

[01:14:59] read

[01:14:59] some

[01:14:59] of

[01:14:59] these

[01:14:59] letters

[01:14:59] back

[01:15:00] and

[01:15:00] forth

[01:15:00] and

[01:15:01] even

[01:15:01] before

[01:15:01] they

[01:15:02] got

[01:15:02] to

[01:15:02] Nanjing

[01:15:02] they

[01:15:02] were

[01:15:03] having

[01:15:03] a

[01:15:03] terrible

[01:15:03] time

[01:15:04] the

[01:15:04] mission

[01:15:04] trip

[01:15:05] to

[01:15:05] China

[01:15:05] had

[01:15:05] led

[01:15:05] to

[01:15:06] one

[01:15:06] of

[01:15:06] the

[01:15:06] leader's

[01:15:07] wives

[01:15:07] dying

[01:15:08] due

[01:15:08] to

[01:15:08] illness

[01:15:09] on

[01:15:09] a

[01:15:09] boat

[01:15:09] it

[01:15:09] was

[01:15:09] a

[01:15:10] mess

[01:15:10] so

[01:15:10] when

[01:15:10] they

[01:15:10] got

[01:15:10] there

[01:15:10] they

[01:15:11] were

[01:15:11] already

[01:15:11] kind

[01:15:11] of

[01:15:11] in

[01:15:12] a

[01:15:12] bad

[01:15:12] place

[01:15:12] and

[01:15:13] seeing

[01:15:13] the

[01:15:14] state

[01:15:14] of

[01:15:14] things

[01:15:14] did

[01:15:15] not

[01:15:15] make

[01:15:15] things

[01:15:15] better

[01:15:16] let me

[01:15:16] read

[01:15:17] some

[01:15:17] of the

[01:15:17] quotes

[01:15:17] from

[01:15:17] their

[01:15:18] story

[01:15:18] here

[01:15:39] and

[01:15:39] instead

[01:15:39] of

[01:15:39] busy

[01:15:40] activity

[01:15:40] the

[01:15:40] lonely

[01:15:40] barking

[01:15:41] of

[01:15:41] dogs

[01:15:41] and

[01:15:41] the

[01:15:42] echo

[01:15:42] of

[01:15:42] our

[01:15:42] footsteps

[01:15:42] resounded

[01:15:43] the

[01:15:43] bridge

[01:15:44] once

[01:15:44] lined

[01:15:44] with

[01:15:45] busy

[01:15:45] passerbyers

[01:15:46] is now

[01:15:46] desolated

[01:15:46] the

[01:15:47] tall

[01:15:47] weeds

[01:15:48] rendering

[01:15:48] the steps

[01:15:48] difficult

[01:15:49] to walk

[01:15:49] the

[01:15:50] closely

[01:15:50] shuttered

[01:15:50] windows

[01:15:51] showing

[01:15:51] that

[01:15:51] no

[01:15:52] inmate

[01:15:52] was

[01:15:52] within

[01:15:52] the

[01:15:53] barricaded

[01:15:53] door

[01:15:54] and sometimes

[01:15:54] the

[01:15:54] doorless

[01:15:55] houses

[01:15:55] met

[01:15:56] our

[01:15:57] gaze

[01:15:57] busy

[01:15:58] shops

[01:15:58] and

[01:15:59] tea

[01:15:59] shops

[01:15:59] where

[01:15:59] the

[01:16:00] laugh

[01:16:00] and

[01:16:00] the

[01:16:00] jesters

[01:16:00] were

[01:16:01] once

[01:16:01] heard

[01:16:01] are

[01:16:02] all

[01:16:02] silent

[01:16:02] a

[01:16:03] shop

[01:16:03] or

[01:16:03] two

[01:16:03] here

[01:16:04] and

[01:16:04] there

[01:16:04] were

[01:16:04] open

[01:16:04] but

[01:16:04] we

[01:16:05] seemed

[01:16:05] to be

[01:16:05] nearly

[01:16:05] the

[01:16:05] only

[01:16:06] people

[01:16:06] on

[01:16:06] foot

[01:16:06] and

[01:16:07] instead

[01:16:07] of

[01:16:07] jostling

[01:16:07] to

[01:16:08] get

[01:16:08] along

[01:16:08] we

[01:16:09] had

[01:16:09] to

[01:16:09] scramble

[01:16:10] through

[01:16:10] the

[01:16:10] weeds

[01:16:10] where

[01:16:10] once

[01:16:11] busy

[01:16:11] activities

[01:16:12] had

[01:16:12] remained

[01:16:12] all

[01:16:13] these

[01:16:13] are

[01:16:13] the

[01:16:13] sad

[01:16:14] results

[01:16:14] of

[01:16:14] this

[01:16:15] war

[01:16:16] another

[01:16:16] quote

[01:16:17] oh

[01:16:17] that China

[01:16:18] would be

[01:16:18] freed

[01:16:18] from

[01:16:19] it

[01:16:19] this

[01:16:19] is

[01:16:19] and

[01:16:19] ought

[01:16:20] to

[01:16:20] be

[01:16:20] our

[01:16:20] daily

[01:16:20] prayer

[01:16:21] the

[01:16:21] extent

[01:16:21] of

[01:16:21] the

[01:16:22] desolation

[01:16:22] no

[01:16:22] words

[01:16:23] or pen

[01:16:23] can

[01:16:23] describe

[01:16:24] and